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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 公共衛生學院
  3. 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/44995
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor王榮德(Jung-Der Wang)
dc.contributor.authorTsung-Hsi Wangen
dc.contributor.author王宗曦zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-15T04:00:43Z-
dc.date.available2011-03-12
dc.date.copyright2010-03-12
dc.date.issued2010
dc.date.submitted2010-02-23
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/44995-
dc.description.abstract當前新興傳染病威脅日盛,「傳染病控制」已經不再僅是攸關個人生命的威脅,而是全體人民與國家存亡之所繫。過去人類歷史已有明證,嚴重急性呼吸症候群(severe acute respiratory syndrome, 簡稱SARS)殷鑒不遠,給了吾人一個重新省思的機會:當瘟疫蔓延造成人心恐慌,當被感染者瞬間會由病毒侵襲的受害者一變而為造成他人感染的加害者,親如家人要如何面對感染者?當整個社會願意付極大代價,只為換回正常的生活作息,是否資源耗用到後來發現是過度的損失?如果SARS再來我們是否可以更有智慧的面對?這些疑問開啟了研究者想進入學術聖殿研究的動機,究竟吾人當如何建立感染性疾病控制的國家策略。
在今日,傳染病威脅已經沒有地域之分,控制傳染病如同作戰,致勝的機先在於及早發現病源的存在,而且要搶在疾病已經散佈之前,即需圍堵於最小的範圍之內。目標雖為致病原,然卻以宿主形式存在而得以為人所察覺。SARS從中國一隅,到散佈多國讓我們學會阻絕境外之不易,更重要的可能是及早偵測疾病!因唯有及早發現病源才能啟動應變作為,控制災害的大小範圍與嚴重程度。
本論文從疾病偵測的觀點,貫穿四篇研究論文的架構,第一篇分析2003年的SARS,在訊息極度缺乏的狀況下,國家啟動了隔離政策,短短的數月隔離了近15萬人,從事後的發病分析得知,許多社交性接觸造成感染的風險極低。如果我們只隔離真正高風險的密切接觸者,我們可以大大減少超過六成的隔離人數。第二篇研究係分析一全世界首先且唯一由國家建構的全面性不明原因死亡調查疴難系統,是否在台灣的新興傳染病偵測及防治上達到效能?多年的建置對於醫療資源較匱乏的地區,有較高的利用率;大體解剖率近五成,已超出全國死亡相驗的解剖率。也為我國建立了難得的本土地區別的傳染病原流行檢體的資料庫,其成功的關鍵因素在於醫療體系、公衛體系、司法體系以及民眾的密切配合。主其事者的態度積極與否,決定其是否能發揮在傳統傳染病偵測體系以外的補充作用。
第三篇與第四篇都在探討抗二甲氧苯青黴素(methicillin)金黃色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, 簡稱MRSA)防治方法。第三篇首先在建立MRSA的偵測體系,藉由該項偵測推估台灣地區MRSA所引致的疾病負擔的概括性全貌,藉由參與醫院的資料提供、參考連續性菌株的陽性率,以及相對於全國之醫療服務量,按比例回推一個比較接近真實面貌的疾病負擔。也因為該資料之難能可貴,第四篇特別分析其中醫院感染的菌血症,各個參與醫院的機構性因子,是否造成其住院病人院內感染發生密度的差異?研究也確實發現不同的機構特性,對於院內感染MRSA菌血症的風險有差別;醫生、護士以及感染管控人力也對於是否院內感染有影響。由於MRSA菌血症為醫院醫療品質的重要指標,醫院決策者在健保制度之下,如何妥適資源配置?在策略運用的思考上不在僅只需考量精實人力,而是需更審慎的考量醫療品質等,方能確實降低醫院經營成本。

持續改進傳染病控制與基礎建設的策略在於一連串的作為,第一項關鍵在於正確的威脅評估:評估新興致病源的興起對我國及全球的威脅,其威脅程度會因為致死率高低、有無疫苗預防、治療藥物、發生國的遠近、與我國商旅互動之頻繁度或便利性而有很大的差異;第二項關鍵在於靈敏的偵測系統,能夠及早發現個案病例的發生,第三項關鍵是指標病例的出現後循此進行的相關疫情調查,有助於瞭解國內的易感族群、危險因子的辨識以及族群別的發生率及死亡率等資料;跟據疫調資料所獲得的參數或是參考其他發生國的流行病學資料幫助更進一步的數理模式推估,第四項關鍵是決定需要投入的資源以及資源包括醫療人力及藥物等該如何配置? 第五項關鍵是一旦流行發生,啟動即時應變作為,除了醫療體系的全面動員、尚有公眾隔離、停課及停止集會等措施。傳染病控制與基礎建設的五項關鍵基本上為一個向右持續循環的過程。本論文的四篇研究即環繞此一主題:第二篇研究旨在研究以敏感的偵測觸發傳染病阻絕行動的可能性,藉由建立良好的監測體系,便能及早發現具有威脅的致病原已經侵入社區,立即的疫病調查可以辨識嚴重度、傳播模式、危險因子乃至高風險族群;第三篇研究在於對於一個國際視之為重大威脅但尚未納入法定傳染病的致病菌,其全國性的威脅評估,可以作為政策制定的參採。在傳染病大流行之前做好疾病的威脅評估以及建立靈敏的監測體系,有助於事前的預防(打疫苗)及整備措施(藥物及治療量能增加);第四篇在確定疾病威脅存在、瞭解風險因素之後,嘗試觸及資源配置的議題;第一篇研究是截然不同的情境,所探討的是一旦啟動應變作為,在眾多管制措施中如何釐清何為「有用有效」?何為「無效有用」?以資源耗用的極小化達到最大最有效的阻絕;四篇研究圍繞在面對新興傳染病威脅勢不可免的現勢下,藉由威脅評估、及早偵測、風險辨識、資源整備、應變措施以及威脅再評估的不斷持續的策略,達到改善傳染病的控制以及紮實基礎建設的終極目標。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractA diversity of programmes address the impact of global challenge on human health, but as yet no comprehensive framework or strategy has emerged to develop and implement policy and planning. Under the globalization of commercial trades, climatic change, and active international cultural exchanges among people, there is an urgent need to document and improve control on pathogens and emerging infectious diseases. Based on the lesson learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and the possibility of pandemic influenza H5N1 as well as other emerging infectious diseases, World health Organization (WHO) has urged the member nations to improve disease prevention, surveillance, and preparedness for future pandemic episode, under the guideline of International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR (2005)).The following algorithm showed the concept of continuous improvement of infectious control strategy and infrastructure, and international health regulation may assist international cooperation and strengthen the global infrastructure of infectious disease control.

Surveillance provides us the opportunity of identifying the risk factor and risk population. As a medical epidemiologist working in the Center for Diseases Control, I have the privilege of access to many data sources collected. This dissertation is a collection of studies proposing hypothesis and refuting hypothesis through analyzing these datasets to come up with useful recommendation to improve the control strategy and/or infrastructure:
The first paper is related to a retrospective evaluation of the effectiveness of different quarantine policies when SARS occurred, which revealed that restricting quarantine measures to only those persons with suspected exposure to SARS cases in hospitals, homes, communities, and airplanes could have reduced the number of persons quarantined by 64%, without compromising overall yield and efficiency. The second paper is to evaluate a national surveillance system of unexplained death if it has established the infrastructure needed for Taiwan to detect critical and fatal cases of unknown causes. The third study applied close monitoring system for 3 months and documented the significance of infection control staff on hospital acquired bacteremia of MRSA, which was designed for estimating the threat of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for Taiwan to scope the magnitude of its disease burden. The forth paper is related to the access of the risk factors from an institutional point of view, which could guide the appropriate resource allocation for the control of nosocomial infection of MRSA.
en
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Previous issue date: 2010
en
dc.description.tableofcontents中文摘要 and Abstract ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
1. Background 1
1.1 Continuous improvement of infectious diseases control strategy and infrastructure 1
1.2 Emerging trend of epidemiology of infectious diseases 2
2. Objectives 6
3. Study design and current results 7
3.1 Part 1 7
3.1.1 Introduction 7
3.1.2 Methods 7
3.1.3 Results 8
3.1.4 Discussion 8
3.2 Part 2: 15
3.2.1 Introduction 15
3.2.2 Methods 15
3.2.3 Results 16
3.2.4 Conclusion 17
3.3 Part 3: 26
3.3.1 Introduction 26
3.3.2 Methods 27
3.3.3 Results 28
3.3.4 Discussion 30
3.3.5 Conclusion 33
3.4 Part 4 41
3.4.1 Introduction 41
3.4.2 Methods 42
3.4.3 Results 43
3.4.4 Discussion 44
4. Publish papers 51
5. Manuscripts to be published 52
6. References 53
dc.language.isoen
dc.subject金黃色葡萄球菌zh_TW
dc.subject新興傳染病zh_TW
dc.subject嚴重急性呼吸症候群zh_TW
dc.subject策略zh_TW
dc.subject隔離zh_TW
dc.subject偵測zh_TW
dc.subject應變zh_TW
dc.subjectquarantineen
dc.subjectstaphylococcus aureusen
dc.subjectresponseen
dc.subjectsurveillanceen
dc.subjectemerging infectious diseasen
dc.subjectsevere acute respiratory syndromeen
dc.subjectstratehgyen
dc.title新興傳染病的防治策略發展之相關研究zh_TW
dc.titleDeveloping Strategies for the Control of Emerging Infectious Diseasesen
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear98-1
dc.description.degree博士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee鄭尊仁,陳保中,郭旭崧,張上淳
dc.subject.keyword新興傳染病,嚴重急性呼吸症候群,策略,隔離,偵測,應變,金黃色葡萄球菌,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordemerging infectious diseas,severe acute respiratory syndrome,stratehgy,quarantine,surveillance,response,staphylococcus aureus,en
dc.relation.page66
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2010-02-24
dc.contributor.author-college公共衛生學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept職業醫學與工業衛生研究所zh_TW
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