台灣民眾運動家謝雪紅的抵抗――與知識份子的比較――

Abstract

本文旨在探究日治時期非知識份子與知識份子在社會運動的參與上，其出發點與立場的不同。非知識份子以謝雪紅為代表，先以其生涯為主軸，梳理謝雪紅自始至終對強權政治的抵抗態度與台灣本位的立場，並在與同時代的知識分子的比較中，凸顯謝雪紅作為一位真正的具有台灣認同的革命家的獨特性。本文先從謝雪紅口述的『我的半生記』著手，整理謝雪紅童年至青年時期的底層經驗，而這些經驗成為日後支持謝雪紅選擇共產主義的基石。在莫斯科的留學經驗與台灣共產黨的活動中，謝雪紅透過實務的社會運動經驗，習得以共產主義抵抗日本殖民主義的方法。在體驗了國民黨政權的再殖民與二二八事件之後，謝雪紅從支持「台灣獨立」轉而主張「台灣自治」，此一轉變意味著謝雪紅與台灣民主自治同盟成員意識到「中國正統」觀念對台灣的威脅性，同時也證明了謝雪紅台灣認同的立場。知識份子以蔡培火與蘇新為代表，兩者雖在社會運動上的路線有所不同，但其共通點便是在其晚年皆與強權政治妥協，接受了「中國正統」的概念，成為強權政治的代言人。而本文將此差異性歸因於知識份子對於底層社會所承受的痛苦缺乏切身的體會，且對強權政治妥協的知識份子對掌權者來說在政治上具有可利用性。在此對照下，更確立了謝雪紅身為一位非知識份子，自始至終堅持抵抗強權政治，永不妥協的革命者特性。

This thesis is about comparing the difference of participating of social movement between the intelligentsia and the non-intelligentsia in Japanese Colony Period. This thesis starts from the childhood and youth of Hsieh Hsueh-hung, as the representative of non-intelligentsia. The experience of lower class became the motive which made her choose to be a communist. During Hsieh Hsueh-hung studying in Communist University of the Toilers of the East, she learned how to use communism as the weapon and put it in use to fight against Japanese colonial government and colonialism after she became the leader of Communist Party of Taiwan. After 228 Incident, Hsieh Hsueh-hung turned her point from “Taiwan independence” to “ Taiwan Autonomy”. The change meant that Hsieh Hsueh-hung and the other members of Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League understood that “China legitimism” has been threating the freedom of Taiwan. The change also prooved that Hsieh Hsueh-hung did have “Taiwanese Identity”. In comparison with the intelligentsia, Tshua Pue-Hue and Su Hsin for example, obviously, Hsieh Hsueh-hung had her own “Taiwanese Identity” as a revolutionary. This thesis considers that it’s because that intelligentsia lack the experience of lower class and they can’t really understand the pain of lower class.