幸福程度之影響因子分析︰以台灣地區為例

Abstract

所謂「幸福」其實就是綜合各方面指標，如社會、經濟或個人特徵之變數，甚至一些主、客觀之衡量指標下，對生活整體感到幸福美滿之程度。本文使用97年中正大學民意及市場調查中心所進行之一項幸福指數調查資料，對幸福進行影響因子檢定；透過採用適當之計量模型，檢定影響幸福之關鍵因子，並對檢定結果提出分析與探討。其次，有關絕對所得與相對所得對幸福之影響，為另一個探討之重點。在一些假設前提之下，評估絕對所得與相對所得對幸福之影響，並針對估計結果提出合理之解釋。第三，透過全台各地區之問卷資料，進一步檢定不同地區居民幸福程度之差異。 實證結果發現︰（1）對幸福有顯著影響之關鍵因素有家庭關係滿意度、工作狀況滿意度、健康狀況、對自身未來發展狀況樂觀程度及性別。（2）所得水準改變對幸福之影響，主要原因來自於薪資所得優於或劣於他人之比較心態而來，而非絕對所得水準之改變，故「相對所得」為影響幸福之重要因素。（3）相對所得效果並不會因為地區差異而有顯著不同，如相對所得效果對於台灣地區居民幸福程度之影響，並不會因為居住於北部地區或其他地區而有顯著不同，故相對所得效果，應係與全國性之人民平均所得比較而來，而非與同地區之居民比較而來。

“Wellness” is the combination of various kinds of criteria, such as the society, the economy and the individual characteristic variables and even the level of satisfaction with wellness of one’s overall life based on the subjective and objective criteria. The survey of wellness index obtained by the Survey Research Center of National Chung Cheng University in 2008 was utilized in this study. The factor analysis of wellness was then processed. The test of the wellness affected by the key factor was also processed by an econometric model and the results would be analyzed and discussed. Additionally, the effect of the absolute and relative incomes on the wellness was another important issue in this study. Based on the assumption of variables, the influence of the absolute and relative incomes on the wellness was evaluated and then the reasonable explanation for the results was made. Moreover, the test of the difference of the level of wellness among residents from different districts would be further processed according to the survey collected from the country. Based on the results obtained in this study, the following conclusions were made: (1) There was significant influence of the satisfaction with family relationship, the satisfaction with job condition, the health condition, the level of optimism about future career development condition of individual self and sex on the wellness. (2) The wellness affected by the change of income level was due to the mental feeling of income level that would be higher or lower than others, not due to the change of the absolute income level. Thus, the “relative income” was the important factor that affected wellness. (3) The relative income effect would not be different significantly due to the difference of living districts. For instance, the influence of relative income effect on the level of wellness of residents in Taiwan would not be different significantly because of living in the north district or in other districts. Therefore, the relative income effect would be obtained by the comparison of the mean income of national people, not by the comparison of the same living districts.