大白斑蝶及樺斑蝶人工飼料之開發

Abstract

本試驗研發出的人工飼料配製過程時間約1分鐘，可立即飼養幼蟲，比傳統的人工飼料配製一份需要時間約40分鐘，配製過程又須時時刻刻注意水溫的變化，顯著方便及快速。人工飼料防腐劑常添加福馬林減緩食物腐敗，但福馬林易揮發，而且有致癌風險。本試驗防腐劑未使用福馬林，防腐時間最長可達14天未發霉。以新的配方、配製方法、飼養方式，可成功飼養大白斑蝶幼蟲至成蟲。其中，以第四次試驗A組(爬森藤葉粉比例40%)飼養效果最好，幼蟲期發育24.45±1.9天，最接近對照組21±2.14天；蛹期15±1天與對照組15±0天無顯著性差異；五齡存活率100%、化蛹率96%、羽化率79%、一齡幼蟲到成蟲正常羽化率30%。自一齡到成蟲正常羽化率23%。以第四次試驗A組配方作為人工飼料配方基礎，僅將爬森藤葉粉改為馬利筋葉粉製成人工飼料，測試其作為斑蝶類通用人工飼料基礎配方的可行性，結果可成功飼養樺斑蝶，樺斑蝶幼蟲期發育13.95±1.22天、五齡存活率100%；蛹期8.32±0.48天、化蛹率70%；羽化率90%，正常羽化率100%，統計自一齡幼蟲到成蟲正常羽化率可達63%。本試驗研發的人工飼料配方、配製方法、飼養方式，可作為開發斑蝶類人工飼料的參考。

This study focus on the development of artificial diets for rearing two milk weed butterflies. The results reveal that the time spend in the preparation of artificial diet is cut down to 1 min. compare to the commercial artificial diet which will take about 40 min. The formulation of new artificial diet excluded Formalin as a antiseptic material which are carcinogen. However, the artificial diet can preserve more than 14 days in rearing of milkweed butterfly larva. The new development diet can rear Idea leuconoe clara from larva to adult. The duration of larval stage is 24.45±1.9days which are not significant difference to control, 21±2.14days. The duration of pupal stage is 15±1days which is similar than control, 15±0days. The survival rate from 1st instar to 5th instar is 100%, the pupation rate is 96%, the emergence rate is 79%, the normal emergence rate is30%。The total survival rate from 1st instar to normal emergence is 23%。The new artificial diet can serve as fundamental nutrition for rearing other milkweed butterfly, Anosia chrysippus if the component of host plant leaf powder replaced. The duration of larval stage is 13.95±1.22days, the survival rate of 5th instar is 100%, the duration of pupal stage is 8.32±0.48days, the pupation rate is 70%, the emergence rate is 90% with 100% normal emergence. The new formulation of artificial diet may be applied to rear Anosia chrysippus as well as other butterflies.