寒山詩研究-以內涵為討論核心

Abstract

寒山詩在正統文學中，向來因其詩過於白話、欠缺詩味而不被重視，研究寒山詩者也多半聚焦在寒山生平的考據方面，將寒山詩作為考據資料來研究，而非針對寒山詩作文本作透徹的解析，讓寒山寫詩的用意重新展現，這對寒山詩的研究而言，無疑是相當可惜的事。因此本論文便以發掘寒山寫詩的用意為目標，以寒山詩文本作為研究對象進行研究。 寒山詩的重心在其內涵，內涵的部分又包括道理與實踐兩部分。就道理這一部分而言，詩文中所駁雜的釋儒道三家思想，是寒山欲透過詩文傳達生命意義的真相，以及人生可以開闊的方式，寒山認為只要把握了這個永恆不變的原則，則可以從容的坐看無常的變幻，而這點也是寒山不在意詩作無詩味、在詩作中沒有太多個人資料、以及駁雜釋儒道三家思想而無創新的共同原因。就前者而言，只要能夠把握住那個永恆不變的原則，則無關乎外在的美醜，對寒山而言，讀者若是能穿越表象的乏味，形同克服了第一步受外觀左右的障礙，然後才能進一步領會更深刻的道理；就次者而言，寒山寫詩的目的在傳達生命真相的意義，則寒山不將自己的生平資料放入詩中，按照寒山的思維，生平資料也不過是無常變幻的一部分，不是他想要傳達給讀者的重點；就最後者而言，寒山認為生命意義的道理只有一個，而說道理的方法卻有許多種，因此就本來存在的唯一真理而論，無所謂獨創或學步的問題，寒山希望讀者領會的是道理的那部份，而非止於表象作分類工作。 而寒山詩的內涵除了道理的部分以外，還有實踐的部分，而這個部分也是很容易被研究寒山者所忽略的，但道理的領會與實際的踐履，在寒山詩中卻是缺一不可，二者同時並進才能完整表現寒山詩的價值。

Han Shan Shi, with its vernacular language, is not used to take an important part in traditional literature. People who study Han Shan Shi usually tend to focus on Han Shan’s life and the background but not Han Shan Shi itself. In order to realize Han Shan Shi more, the thesis is going to focus only on Han Shan Shi itself. Han Shan Shi’s point is about the truth of life and how to practice the truth in one’s life. As for the former one, the truth of life is trying to explain some puzzles, such as what life is, what death is, or what the meaning of life is. According to Han Shan Shi, if one can truly realize the truth, one can lead a happy life. However, understanding the truth is not enough, one has to practice it in one’s life. The principle is to be honest and no two faces. In other word, theory and practice should be put together, and then one can make his life different. All the Han Shan Shi is talking about the truth and practice. Without which one of both will not work. The reason why Han Shan Shi talked about this is because he thought it is the way to promote one’s life and wisdom. And it is also the reason why Han Shan Shi is full of vernacular but without poetic language. In front of the truth that can promote one’s life, beautiful appearance is not the priority anymore.