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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 生物資源暨農學院
  3. 園藝暨景觀學系
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/43834
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor吳俊達
dc.contributor.authorJei Yangen
dc.contributor.author楊芮zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-15T02:30:01Z-
dc.date.available2010-08-20
dc.date.copyright2009-08-20
dc.date.issued2009
dc.date.submitted2009-08-15
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/43834-
dc.description.abstract楊桃(Averrhoa carambola L.)為酢醬草科(Oxalidaceae)常綠小喬木,果實具有五個稜角,橫切片呈星形,又名五稜子或星星果。在台灣楊桃主要以水果甜點(dessert)形式消費,適合水果盤、盤飾等用途,具有發展為截切水果的潛力。由於楊桃品種繁多且各有優缺點,國內對於評估截切楊桃適合的品種、原料與產品保鮮技術相關資料不多,因此本論文詴驗目的在探討鮮食楊桃品種與果實成熟度,觀察其對截切的生理反應與主要劣變問題,再評估幾丁聚醣被膜與抗壞血酸處理技術應用在截切楊桃產品保鮮及延長櫥架壽命的效益。
本論文針對目前國內主流鮮食甜味楊桃‘紅龍’、‘馬來’及‘台農二號’三個品種進行截切後生理及風味比較。在5°C 貯藏12 天三品種皆有2%左右的失重率,外果皮切口及內果皮囊膜褐化是楊桃切片劣變主要的問題,‘紅龍’楊桃肉色呈桔紅、褐化輕微,亮度值維持在40~46 之間,而‘台農二號’及‘馬來’褐化較嚴重。‘紅龍’為國內甜味楊桃中較適合作為截切楊桃的品種,以「8 級」完熟果糖酸比高、風味佳,適合台灣消費者偏好甜度高的楊桃。
‘紅龍’楊桃截切後第1 小時即可偵測到創傷呼吸速率上升至高點,在20°C 環境呼吸率由完整果實的7.39 mL CO2·kg-1·h-1 增加到23.83 mL CO2·kg-1·h-1;若貯放在10°C 以下則能壓制創傷增加的呼吸速率在19.06 mL CO2·kg-1·h-1,愈低溫度抑制效果愈顯著;創傷
的高呼吸速率會於3 到6 小時內下降。10°C 以下的低溫也可抑制截切楊桃創傷乙烯的生成;貯藏於5°及0°C 其乙烯生成量不超過0.1 μL C2H4·kg-1·h-1,且楊桃切片硬度、可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量沒有顯著差異,因此推薦5°C 為截切楊桃的貯藏適溫。
‘紅龍’楊桃切片經1%及2%幾丁聚醣被膜處理可降低截切創傷的高呼吸率,貯藏之後被膜處理樣品呼吸率與對照組差異不顯著,而且也沒有減輕褐變的效果,所有處理於截切當天便出現褐化,且徵狀集中於外果皮及內果皮組織,產品在5°C 貯放3 天以後即喪失可售性,是影響官能品評整體接受度最關鍵的劣變因子。幾丁聚醣被膜處理不影響
截切‘紅龍’楊桃硬度、可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量櫥架品質。2%幾丁聚醣被膜顯著抑制總生菌數上升,於5°C 貯藏12 天內皆不超過105 CFU·g-1之法令規範標準,對楊桃主要汙染的微生物種類-酵母及黴菌,亦能顯著延緩其增殖。
添加 1%或2%抗壞血酸之2%幾丁聚醣被膜處理可以延緩截切‘紅龍’楊桃褐化,其效果可由官能品評辨識。然而,由於楊桃切片褐化分佈極端不均勻,集中於外果皮切口邊緣及內果皮組織,中果皮(果肉)並不嚴重,因此一般截切產品客觀量化評估褐化的方法,如果肉亮度值(L* value)、顏色差異度(ΔE)、楊桃組織褐化潛勢(browning potential)及多酚氧化酵素活性(polyphenol oxidase activity)皆無法準確反映實際楊桃切片褐化嚴重程度。利用數位影像技術(digital imaging method)鎖定外果皮褐化發生部位,以L*a*b*系統顯示褐化程度,未添加抗壞血酸之對照組褐化嚴重,亮度值由49.05 下降至33.24 以下,添加0.5%及1%抗壞血酸被膜處理可以延緩亮度值維持在35,含2%者可以維持在37.90;添加1%以上抗壞血酸被膜處理之楊桃切片櫥架壽命可延長至8 天,證實此分析方法可以成功客觀量化評估截切楊桃的褐化現象。
綜合上述結果,截切﹟紅龍﹠楊桃以2%幾丁聚醣被膜處理可以抑制微生物滋生,添加1%以上抗壞血酸則可減輕楊桃切片褐變現象,5°C 貯藏環境之櫥架壽命估計可達8天。添加1%抗壞血酸之2%幾丁聚醣被膜處理可同時解決截切楊桃褐化及微生物滋生兩大品質劣變問題,值得開發為截切楊桃保鮮處理技術。
zh_TW
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Previous issue date: 2009
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dc.description.tableofcontents口試委員會審定書……………………………………………………i
誌謝……………………………………………………………………ii
中文摘要………………………………………………………………iii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………v
第一章前言……………………………………………………………1
第二章前人研究………………………………………………………3
一、楊桃概況…………………………………………………………3
二、截切蔬果…………………………………………………………5
三、可食用被膜………………………………………………………12
四、幾丁聚醣…………………………………………………………16
五、截切楊桃之研究…………………………………………………19
第三章 楊桃截切後生理與品種比較………………………………22
一、前言………………………………………………………………22
二、材料與方法………………………………………………………23
三、結果與討論………………………………………………………26
第四章 幾丁聚醣被膜處理對截切楊桃櫥架品質之影響…………46
一、前言………………………………………………………………46
二、材料與方法………………………………………………………47
三、結果與討論………………………………………………………49
第五章 添加抗壞血酸於幾丁聚醣被膜中處理對截切楊桃櫥架品質之影響……………………………………………………………………67
一、前言………………………………………………………………67
二、材料與方法………………………………………………………68
三、結果與討論………………………………………………………72
第六章 結論…………………………………………………………94
參考文獻………………………………………………………………97
附錄……………………………………………………………………116
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subject可食用被膜zh_TW
dc.subject截切蔬果zh_TW
dc.subject抑菌zh_TW
dc.subject楊桃zh_TW
dc.subject褐化zh_TW
dc.subject幾丁聚醣zh_TW
dc.subject數位影像技術zh_TW
dc.subjectChitosanen
dc.subjectdigital imaging methoden
dc.subjectbrowningen
dc.subjectanti-microbial growthen
dc.subjectedible coatingen
dc.subjectstarfruiten
dc.subjectcarambolaen
dc.subjectfresh-cut fruitsen
dc.title幾丁聚醣被膜對截切楊桃生理及櫥架品質之影響zh_TW
dc.titleEffect of Chitosan Coating on the Physiology and Quality of
Fresh-Cut Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) Fruits
en
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear97-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee王自存,許明仁,石正中
dc.subject.keyword幾丁聚醣,楊桃,截切蔬果,可食用被膜,抑菌,褐化,數位影像技術,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordChitosan,fresh-cut fruits,carambola,starfruit,edible coating,anti-microbial growth,browning,digital imaging method,en
dc.relation.page123
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2009-08-17
dc.contributor.author-college生物資源暨農學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept園藝學研究所zh_TW
顯示於系所單位:園藝暨景觀學系

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