有機質肥料不同施用量對丹參生長、生理營養與活性成分累積之影響

Abstract

丹參目前被廣泛用於治療心腻血管、心肌梗塞、預防低血壓、清除自由基、調節發炎及婦女月經失調等疾病，在中藥的複方中時常可以見到。丹參之活性成分主要分為脂溶性與水溶性化合物兩大類，脂溶性之萜類化合物為丹參酮 Ⅰ、丹參酮 Ⅱ A 和隱丹參酮，水溶性之酚類化合物為丹參酚酸 B。目前丹參在台灣主要的栽培地區為花蓮，栽種面積約為 15 公頃，現今面臨丹參根部種植的品質與產量在不同地區有不均的現象，因此，建立丹參優良之栽培管理方式，以達到高產量和高品質的台灣丹參是必要的。本研究之目的為探討有機肥不同施用量和採收時間對丹參產量與活性成分累積之影響。本詴驗自 2010 年 7 月於花蓮縣瑞穗鄉進行田間詴驗，有機肥料施用量有四種變級，分別為每公頃 4、8、12 和 16 公噸，採收時間分為四期，分別為丹參苗移植田間後的第 60、120、180 和 240 天。結果顯示，在移植後的第 120-180 天之間，丹參根部生質量快速成長，隨後有些微下降的趨勢。活性成分中的丹參酮類與丹參酚酸 B 在 120-180 天中均快速累積。總丹參酮濃度在移植後 240 天時，以 Org 2 (8,000 kg ha-1) 處理達到最高，其值為 25.8 g kg-1，次之則為對照組 (4,000 kg ha-1)處理，其值為 20.1 g kg-1。全株丹參酚酸 B 濃度在移植後 180 天時，以 Org 3 (12,000 kg ha-1) 處理其值達到最高為 92.3 g kg-1。

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is widely used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, prevention of low blood pressure, scavenging of free radical, regulation of inflammation and menstrual disorder. These functions are often seen in Fufang Chinese herbal medicine. The main active components of Danshen can be classified into hydrophilic phenolic acids and lipophilic diterpenoid quinines. The most important hydrophilic phenolic acid is salvianolic acid B and the main lipophilic diterpenoid quinines are tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone. Hualien is the main cultivated district of Danshen in Taiwan, and the cultivation area of Danshen is about 15 hectares. There are great differences in quality and yield of Danshen roots from different origins. To develop a good cultivation method of S. miltiorrhiza for high quality and yield is important. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates of organic fertilizer and harvesting time on the growth, nutrient uptake, and the production of the active components in S. miltiorrhiza. The field experiment was carried out in Ruei Suei in July, 2010. The treatments contained four application rates of organic fertilizer, including 4, 8, 12, and 16 Mg ha-1. All treatments were harvested four times, at 60, 120, 180, and 240 days after transplanting. The dry weight of plants, the nutrient uptake and active components were measured. The results showed that the biomass of roots increased rapidly between 120-180 days after transplanting, and then decreased slightly. Tanshinones and salvianolic acid B increased significantly between 120-180 days after transplanting. The tanshinones concentration of Danshen roots of the 8 Mg ha-1 treatment had the highest value of 25.8 g kg-1 on the 240 day after transplanting, and the 4 Mg ha-1 treatment was less than it. The salvianolic acids of the whole plant of the 12 Mg ha-1 treatment had the highest value of 92.3 g kg-1 on the 180 days after transplanting.