《國語》敘事研究

Abstract

中國古典文學的敘事傳統最早可上溯自先秦史傳散文，而《國語》在這樣的發展脈絡中，無論內容與形式的表現，均有重要的成就，特別是在於其豐富的記言及篇章當中展露的人物形象與載道意義。因此，本論文擬從敘事的角度，透過詳細精讀文本，掌握《國語》各篇章的書寫；並以四項敘事要素（情節、觀點、人物、意義）作為各章節的主要觀察方向及內容安排的劃分依據，也適度擇取、參考其他可藉資探究的相關中、西敘事理論，歸納、突顯《國語》史傳散文的敘事藝術。 第一章緒論，說明研究動機、目的、方法，並對前輩學者有關《國語》文學研究的文獻做一回顧與整理；第二章針對敘事中的「情節」，探討《國語》篇章佈局的敘事模式，及其寫作上組織情節所內含的時空意識與敘述方式；第三章則論「敘事者的觀點」，分析史官如何觀看歷史事件、有何敘事特色、又有何深意；第四章著重如何運用敘事的手法描寫歷史人物、塑造人物類型，而在《國語》中表現出的人物形象又是什麼面貌，此外，《國語》記載的各種人物說話術也一併在本章討論；第五章在於闡述《國語》敘事的「意義」受到文化背景的影響，如何在文章中流露歷史解釋與評論之意。最後，藉由對《國語》寫作的情節、觀點、人物、意義等四項要素逐一細密剖析，在第六章提出結論，以闡明、確立《國語》在敘事上的獨特地位與貢獻。

The narrative tradition of Chinese classical literature can be traced back to the historical prose in pre-chin era. KOU YU achieves a highly important accomplishment because of the enrichment of the dialogues, the presentation of characteristics, and the mentality of morality in style and formation. The dissertation will discuss the writing style of Kou Yu by examining the book as narratives in the perspective of narratives. The four main elements in the narratives: plot, character, point of view, and meaning will be used as the main topic of my research paper, and point out the beauty of narratives of pre-chin era. Chapterwise, the first chapter will talk about the motivation, purpose, and method of my research paper and a review of previous scripts that are related. The second chapter will talk about the plotting of the book. In the second chapter, I focus on the way how the author developed the story and the way how the author talked the story. The third chapter explains the author’s point of view that how the he thought about the historical event, how he made obvious the important spot of the story, and what’s the background meaning inside the book. In the fourth chapter, I emphasize the way how the author portrayed the character and how he built the characteristics. Besides, the way of presenting conversation will be explained in this chapter. The fifth chapter explains how the meaning of the story influenced by the culture and how the story showed the author’s comments. At last, the sixth chapter, the conclusion, pointed out the specialty and contribution of KOU YU in narratives by summarizing the plot, the point of view, character, and the meaning of the book.