應用多維度圖形資料庫技術於精實採購之研究

Abstract

目前多維度圖形技術在土木工程領域，大多僅止於視覺方面展示，但於其他工程實務上的運用卻寥寥可數。而將其應用於專案物料採購上由於尚沒有統一且制式化的標準可供參考，缺乏系統化的概念，一般成效不彰，故思考如何適時將結合多維度圖形資料庫技術應用於物料採購，以便於採購管理並避免錯誤採購所造成之浪費，是激發本研究之動機。 本研究旨在導入精實採購的概念結合3D圖檔的特性，提供專案管理者一套採購管理的模式。本模式之架構為：（一）以Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)為基礎，發展以圖形為主之分工結構，稱為Object Block Work Breakdown Structure OBWBS（二）透過OBWBS的階層架構分解最小單位3D 圖形元件，並且附加相關材料屬性（例如：數量、型號等料單產出所需資訊）（三）依據精實採購原則，結合OBWBS之圖形關聯與WBS之工項關係，建構資料庫之基本架構與執行流程，以達到系統化採購管理之目標。 經由圖形元件與材料屬性的連結，將可迅速掌握建物的材料清單及採購資訊。期望經由不同專案資料的累積，建立可重複利用之樣版（Template），提供營造廠日後於相似建物上，能精確計算相關採購物料，將可為工程節省大量的時間、成本。

Multi-dimensional graphic technology is mostly used in the visual display in the field of civil engineering currently, but applications on other projects practice are few. Because there is no standard and systematic protocol to follow, it is usually inefficient and time-consuming to apply the multi-dimensional graphic technology into the material procurement in construction projects. This research tended to apply lean procurement into the materials management and facilitate the procurement management to avoid the waste cause by inaccurate procurement. This research combined 3D images characteristics with lean procurement to create a procurement management model for project manager. The steps of building this model are: (a) Developing a graphical framework which is called Object Block Work Breakdown Structure (OBWBS) based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) (b) Decomposing the hierarchy structure of OBWBS to produce the smallest 3D graphical unit with relevant material properties (example: the information is needed by the bill of material, such as number and models, etc. ) (c) Constructing basic structure and implementation process of the database associate with graphic correlation of OBWBS and work relationship of WBS to achieve the goal of systematic procurement management. By applying the graphical database which consists of graphical components and material properties, project manager can easily realize the bill of material and other procurement information. Furthermore, establishing reusable template through accumulation of different projects data can provide construction companies with accurate calculation related to the procurement of materials on similar type of building, it be able to save a lot of time and cost of projects in the future.