FRP遊艇於船架支撐下之變形分析及防損傷對策之探討

Abstract

近年來，台灣以累積多年遊艇製造經驗和精巧的工藝聞名於遊艇產業。因FRP質輕、比強度大且不易腐蝕的特性，使得FRP漸漸在遊艇廠廣為使用。 遊艇在製造和搬運的過程中，須置放於船架上。因船架只支撐在局部位置，不均勻的船身自重和艤裝使得船身產生變形，造成船殼外部膠殼產生裂痕和內部裝潢產生破損，造成不美觀，影響商譽，更甚之，導致結構破損而影響其安全性，所以遊艇廠必須增加額外的原物料和工時，以修復破損處。 本文主要針對遊艇廠既有的遊艇船型及船架，建立其實船變形之量測系統，紀錄在各製造階段中，實船於船架上之變形情形。再依照實際尺寸、形狀和使用材料，建立含船殼、主甲板、隔艙壁和加強材的有限元素模型，以有限元素軟體進行結構分析，探討其船身置於船架上的受力及變形情況。進而更改其船架支撐位置，以減少因船身的變形量而引起的後續問題。

The yacht industry in Taiwan is well known for its abundant experiences and excellent craftsmanship in the world. FRP is deemed as the best main structure material and widely used by the Taiwan yacht builders for the past forty years because of its characteristics of light, good specific strength and anti-corrosiveness, etc. Cradles are always needed for supporting the yachts during their construction and transportation. Local concentrative forces loaded by the unevenly distributed weights of yacht itself are only applied on the certain contact area between hull and cradle brackets. The FRP hull deformed, gel coat cracked, and the distorted furnished interior and joinery work all cost the builder a lot to repair the imperfections. Moreover, even in the worst condition, the safety issue occurs owing to the structure failing which might not be solved by money only. This project aims to establish the deformed measurement and import the information of existing cradle, such as dimension, material and shape into a pre-built finite element model of a target boat including whole boat structures, for example. hull, bulkheads and stiffeners, etc. By using commercial FEA software ABAQUS, the response of the structure would help the optimization of the design of hull and cradle and reduce the problems caused by deformation.