公共工程專案風險管理系統之研究-以捷運工程為例

Abstract

公共工程建設對於國家各方面影響十分重大，近年來捷運工程發展快速，自民國七十七年底木柵線動工以來，陸續已有八條路線完工、多條路線持續施工中，從路線規劃初期一直到施工結束的工程風險相關資料可說是極為豐富。捷運工程規模龐大且可能遇到各種情況，因此工程施作過程必然會遇到風險，其中尤以地下段之風險最高。由於現今各廠商之風險管理模式不盡相同，本研究利用PMI(Project Management Institute)專案管理模式中之風險管理及ITA(International Tunnelling Association)所採用之隧道工程風險管理模式為基礎，並參考國內過去的施工資料統整現行業界對於捷運工程規劃、設計、施工階段採行之風險管理方式，歸納建立出一適合國內公共工程專案全面性風險管理流程，提供未來捷運工程參與人員在風險管理方面可以較為順利，減少工程災害發生。 由文獻回顧比較過內外相關風險管理使用之流程，並彙整近十年捷運工程從規劃、設計到施工三階段的案例資料，分析標案之高風險工項、風險事件、因素及解決方案。經由專家訪談歸納建立風險管理初步流程，並採用IDEF0(Integration Definition for Function Modeling)之方法做對各作業項目之輸入、控制、輸出以及機能項目做整體性的功能分析進而建立公共工程專案全生命周期之風險管理詳細流程，詳述各作業程序之需求。最後以此為基礎並進行資料庫系統之初步規劃，作為未來資訊系統建立之基礎，未來若是建立風險管理資訊系統，則可將過去只能採用紙本保存的書面資料，利用網際網路的便利性，讓使用者能夠線上建立且查詢資料，以提高資訊的流通性，改善以往以紙本保存時期，工程專案之風險管理經驗較不易為其他標案參考之缺點，且希望能藉由將來工程專案風險資料的累積，增加未來在風險評估的正確性。

MRT construction has been continuously developed during recent decades. Since the first construction of Green Line in the end of 1988, there was 8 different MRT Lines been completed and many Lines are now under constructing. The long history of MRT has accumulated a huge mass of construction risk management document of total life cycle. Because of the magnitude of MRT construction, it is inevitable confronting risk under many circumstances in constructing stage. And the most serious risk event usually could be discovered in the underground site. Current risk management process are quite varied using by contractors, this research combined the Risk Management in PMI (Project Management Institute) and Risk Management Process for Tunnel construction in ITA (International Tunneling Association) to develop an appropriate Risk Management Process which consist of history data for infrastructure in Taiwan. The aim of the Process is to establish a successful risk management tool for MRT construction manager and further decrease the amount of site disaster. The research compared several risk management process through literature review and gathered case data for planning, design and construction of MRT construction within 10 years to analyze higher risk unit, risk event, risk factor and risk solution in bidding case. The basic outline of risk management process was formed according to the interview with professional. The detailed life-cycle risk management process for infrastructure project was constructed follow the principle of IDEF0 which includes functional analysis of input, control, output and function for each operational item. As a result, the information database system will be established under the above planning procedure. Users can instantly create and search for the information that only could be preserved within paper work in the past by risk management information system built on the internet. Also the information system can improve the lack of sharing experience of construction project risk management with other bidding project in the past. By accumulating information of construction project risk management, it is possible to enhance the accuracy of risk assessment in the coming future.