臺灣原住民族知識組織架構之建構方法研究─以阿美族物質文化為例

Abstract

近年來，原住民族知識組織架構愈來愈受各界的關注與重視，然而由於過去原住民知識大多皆以口傳為主，顯少有文字記載，故原住民族知識組織架構建構之不完整性是可想而知的。 為因應此劃時代之趨勢與需求，本研究旨在提出一套建構「臺灣原住民族知識組織架構」之方法與步驟，以供原住民族相關單位與學者專家在未來建構時之參考，並特以臺灣原住民族傳統知識領域中之一個面向（阿美族物質文化）為測試對象，期盼經由實證研究，進一步確認本研究所設計之「臺灣原住民族知識組織架構之建構方法」之可行性。 故本研究所採行的方向重點為：透過對各種「知識組織系統」類型特色與呈現方式的分析，來得知哪些類型適用於呈現原住民族領域知識；再藉由「領域分析」方法的探討，以整合出臺灣原住民族領域知識分析之整體流程；並根據現有之原住民族知識組織架構及其建構之相關研究報告與八位受訪者之問卷調查及深入訪談結果，歸納出建構原住民族知識組織架構時不可忽略的特性；最後檢測分析整合後所形成的「知識組織架構之建構方法與步驟」，以及模擬建置的「阿美族物質文化知識組織架構」，以了解其適用性與可行性，並發現其癥結所在，尋求可突破之策略。 結果發現：(一)「分類架構」應是目前較適用於呈現臺灣原住民族領域知識的知識組織架構類型。(二)臺灣原住民族領域知識分析之整體流程應分成三個階段進行：第一階段旨在確認臺灣原住民族知識組織架構的範圍；第二階段為實際進行臺灣原住民族知識組織架構的建構；第三階段則是架構的測試。(三)建構原住民族知識組織架構時不可忽略的原住民知識特性包括：原住民知識內容的流變性與差異性、原住民知識組織上層架構的共通性及知識分類依據的多元性、原住民擁有知識的片段性及原住民掌握知識的有限性，以及與原住民知識相關之文獻的限制性。(四)「知識組織架構之建構方法與步驟」以及「阿美族物質文化知識組織架構」之測試結果，凸顯出bottom-up與top-down兩種方法同時進行、互相搭配的重要性。 最後建議：(一)在建構臺灣原住民族知識組織架構之前，應先確定建構架構之目的與用途。(二)在建構臺灣原住民族知識組織架構之前，應先確立架構所欲包含之內容範圍，並界定整體所要採取之時間及空間向度。(三)在建構臺灣原住民族知識組織架構之過程中，應由原住民學者專家、非原住民學者專家，以及圖書資訊學專家，三方面整合互動式地參與執行。(四)在最後「架構確認」的流程裡，應納入焦點團體法，以便擬定一個能被原住民學者專家所共認之最終臺灣原住民族知識組織架構。

In the past several years, the aboriginal knowledge organization structure has received a respectable amount of attention. However, aboriginal knowledge is commonly spread by oral tradition and rarely by inscriptions. With regards to such behavior, it’s understandable that the aboriginal knowledge organization structure is incomplete. The sole purpose of this research is to attempt to introduce a series of construction methods and procedures towards Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure in response to the current demands of our society. It can also be served as a resource and reference for scholars and related aboriginal units in the future. In addition, this research constructs knowledge organization structure on Ami tribe’s material culture to further confirm the feasibility of the construction methods on Taiwan’s aboriginal organization structure. This research emphasizes the following points: 1.Analyze various types, characteristics, and representation forms of the knowledge organization system to determine feasible ways of presenting the aboriginal domain knowledge. 2.Study different methods of domain analysis to conclude a complete process of Taiwan’s aboriginal domain knowledge analysis. 3.Organize the essential characteristics that are vital to the development of the aboriginal knowledge organization structure based on available research papers developed on the aboriginal knowledge organization structure, further questionnaires and in-depth interviews conducted. 4.Test the applicability and feasibility of “construction methods and procedures of the knowledge organization structure” and “knowledge organization structure on Ami tribe’s material culture,” then try to discover potential problems and come up with suitable strategies. Results Identified: 1.Classification scheme is currently the most suitable type of knowledge organization structure to present the domain knowledge of Taiwan’s aborigines. 2.The whole process of Taiwan’s aboriginal domain knowledge analysis should be carried out in three stages: -1st stage: Confirm the scope of Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure. -2nd stage: Construct Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure. -3rd stage: Conduct structure testing. 3.Essential characteristics of aboriginal knowledge that is critical to the construction of aboriginal knowledge organization structure include: -The content of aboriginal knowledge is changeable and capable of being different. -The upper-level of the aboriginal knowledge organization structure have common view points while the basis used to classify aboriginal knowledge is diverse. -The knowledge possessed by aboriginals is fragmented and limited. -The literature that is related to aboriginal knowledge is restricted. 4.The analyzed result of “constructing methods and procedures of knowledge organization structure” and “knowledge organization structure on Ami tribe’s material culture” highlights the importance for bottom-up and top-down methods to coexist, cooperate, and execute concurrently. Suggestions: 1.Prior to the construction of Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure, the objective and purpose of constructing the structure should be identified first. 2.Prior to the construction of Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure, the content that the structure expects to cover should be confirmed and, the time and space dimensions that will be adopted should also be determined. 3.During the construction of Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure, aboriginal scholars, non-aboriginal scholars, and library and information specialists should participate and administer cooperatively. 4.Lastly, the focus group method should be brought into the structure confirmation process in order to draft a Taiwan’s aboriginal knowledge organization structure that is approved by all aboriginal scholars.