準大學僑生之生活壓力、因應行為與憂鬱症狀 之相關性研究

Abstract

目的:本研究以探討準大學僑生不同社會人口學背景與其生活壓力、因應行為與憂鬱症狀之差異。另外，本研究探討準大學僑生不同之生活壓力與因應行為之相關性，以及不同的因應行為與憂鬱症狀之相關性。最後，以Lazarus 與 Folkman (1984)壓力因應理論為基礎，探討準大學僑生之生活壓力、因應行為及憂鬱症狀之相互關係，且檢定是否為適配之理論架構。 方法:本研究以國立臺灣師範大學林口校區僑生先修部之全體準大學僑生為研究對象，調查問巻包括：一、個人基本資料（背景變項）；二、準大學僑生生活壓力調查表；三、準大學僑生因應行為調查表；四、流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表（Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale，CES-D）。本研究採以SPSS 15.0套裝軟體進行獨立樣本t檢定（Independent samples t-test）、單因子變異數分析（one-way ANOVA）及一般線性迴歸（General Linear regression）以考驗準大學僑生不同社會人口學背景變項，與其生活壓力、因應行為及憂鬱症狀是否有顯著差異；接著以一般線性模式（General Linear Model）考驗其不同生活壓力與其因應行為及不同因應行為與憂鬱症狀是否有顯著差異。最後，使用MPlus 5套裝軟體，以結構方程模式（Structural Equation Modeling）考驗生活壓力、因應行為及憂鬱症狀是否為適配之理論架構，並以Sobel test檢定因應行為於生活壓力及憂鬱症狀之中介關係。 結果: 不同社會人口學背景之準大學僑生，其性別與目標壓力(t=-2.92，p= .00)及生活起居及經濟壓力(t=2.41，p= .02)、年齡與學習壓力(β=-0.10，p= .01)、科系類別與生活起居及經濟壓力(F=5.17，p= .01)、來台年份與學習壓力(t=2.01，p= .05)、國籍與學習壓力(F=11.07，p= .00)、社經地位與社會壓力(F=4.08，p= .00)及目標壓力(F=3.42，p= .01)達統計上顯著差異；另外，性別與問題/積極因應(t=3.07，p= .00)及情緒/積極因應(t=-6.74，p= .00)、年齡與問題/積極因應(β=0.08，p= .03)、國籍與情緒/積極因應(F=3.78，p= .01)、社經地位與問題/積極因應(F=2.54，p= .04)達統計上顯著差異；而不同社會人口學背景之準大學僑生，其憂鬱症狀未達統計上顯著差異。另一方面，準大學僑生之生活壓力可預測其使用之因應策略，而其不同之因應行為，特別是問題/積極(Adjusted R2=0.13，p< .01)及情緒/消極(Adjusted R2=0.24，p< .01)之因應策略，可預測其憂鬱症狀。最後，以Lazarus與Folkman的壓力因應理論為基礎，針對準大學僑生之生活壓力、因應行為及憂鬱症狀之結構方程式進行分析，發現初始模式之配適度較差，故刪除因素負荷量較低之構面，包括問題/積極及情緒/積極因應策略，修正後模式之各項適合度指標理想，故表示準大學僑生之生活壓力、以情緒及問題導向之消極因應行為與其憂鬱症狀之結構方程式為配適之理論架構，且Sobel test結果也顯示消極之因應行為(z=8.06，p= .00)能中介生活壓力及憂鬱症狀之關係。 結論:準大學僑生會因其不同之社會人口學背景變項而面對著不同之生活壓力，而不同之生活壓力，與其使用之因應行為也有所不同；最後，準大學僑生之壓力因應行為及其因應後是否出現憂鬱之症狀，為Lazarus與Folkman的壓力因應理論基礎下配適之理論架構。

Purposes: First, to evaluate stress, coping and depressive symptoms of the Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students with different social demographic variables. Second, evaluate the relationship of stress and coping behaviors, as well as the relationships of coping behaviors and depressive symptoms. Finally, refer from Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) theories of Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Strategies, to evaluate the relationship between stress, coping behaviors and depressive symptoms, and whether the theoretical framework for the adaptation. Methods: In this study, all students of Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students studying in National Taiwan Normal University, Division of Preparatory Programs for Overseas Programs are the study objects. The questionnaires include: social demographic, stress questionnaire, coping questionnaire and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. This study used SPSS 15.0 for statistical analysis, include Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and General Linear regression and General Linear Model. Second, using MPlus 5 Structural Equation Modeling to test stress, coping strategies and depressive symptoms for the adaptation of the theoretical framework. Finally, using Sobel test to investigate the mediation in coping strategies on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Results: First, stress is different with gender, age, department category, the years stayed in Taiwan, nationality and socio-economic status. Second, coping is different with gender, age, nationality, socio-economic status. Third, the stress of Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students is predictable of coping strategies, and coping strategies are predictable for depressive symptoms. Finally, refer to Lazarus and Folkman's theories of Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Strategies, Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students’ stress, passive emotion-focused coping and passive problem-focused coping strategies, depressive symptoms are fit of the theoretical framework. Conclusions: The stress and coping strategies of the Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students with different social demographic variables are difference. The stress of the Pre-undergraduate Foreign Chinese Students and the coping strategies after its response to the level of depressive symptoms, as Lazarus and Folkman's theories of Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Strategies, the theoretical framework fit.