乙烯抑制物質對蝴蝶蘭花朵除雄後老化之影響

Abstract

蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis spp.)為更年型花卉，在老化時期會有大量乙烯產生；蝴蝶蘭之花朵對乙烯敏感，乙烯被認為是影響朵花品質及切花瓶插壽命之主要因子。乙烯抑制物包括乙烯作用抑制劑硫代硫酸銀 (Silver thiosulfate, STS)，和乙烯生合成抑制劑AOA (Aminooxyacetic acid)、AVG (Aminoethoxyvinylglycine)、鈷離子等。除雄(emasculation)是指將蘭花花朵的花粉塊和花藥蓋去除的動作；除雄會促進花朵乙烯生成，並伴隨老化發生。本試驗利用蝴蝶蘭花朵經除雄處理後會生成大量乙烯並迅速老化的特性，發展出單朵花的試驗系統，觀察不同乙烯抑制物對抑制蝴蝶蘭花朵老化之效果，並將其結果應用在蝴蝶蘭切花之貯運處理。 以0.4 mM STS、0.5 mM AOA、0.5 mM AVG和2 mM CoCl2做為瓶插液，皆可有效維持單朵 ‘Phal.Crystal Veil’ 蝴蝶蘭花朵在除雄後之花朵鮮重，延緩老化並抑制乙烯生成。在 ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ 和 ‘Dtps. Sogo Yukidian’ 蝴蝶蘭花朵中，以0.4 mM STS、0.5 mM AOA、0.5 mM AVG和4 mM CoCl2最為有效。三種不同品種的蝴蝶蘭中，均以0.5 mM AOA處理者之瓶插壽命最長；與除雄對照組相比， ‘Phal.Crystal Veil’ 蝴蝶蘭可延長3倍，‘Dtps.Han Ben’s Girl’ 和 ‘Dtps.Sogo Yukidian’ 蝴蝶蘭可延長6至7倍。將兩種有效藥劑搭配使用的結果和單獨使用的結果相似；單獨使用0.5 mM AOA還是維持切花壽命之最佳藥劑。對於未除雄之單朵 ‘Phal.Crystal Veil’ 蝴蝶蘭，以0.4 mM STS處理的效果最好，其次為0.5 mM AOA，兩者之瓶插壽命皆為對照組的3倍以上。 在預措處理方面，以有效之瓶插液預措處理6小時，能有效延緩 ‘Dtps.Han Ben’s Girl’ 蝴蝶蘭花朵之老化。將藥劑濃度提高為兩倍更能維持花朵之鮮重並增加其瓶插壽命；其中以0.8 mM STS、1.0 mM AOA和8 mM CoCl2之效果較佳，為對照組2~3倍左右。含有二種藥劑之混合液之預措處理效果比單一藥劑為佳，單朵花朵以0.4 mM STS加0.5 mMAOA預措處理之瓶插之壽命為對照組的9~10倍。以混合藥劑預措6小時皆能有效維持未除雄之 ‘Dtps.Han Ben’s Girl’ 蝴蝶蘭花朵之鮮重，以0.4 mM STS加0.5 mM AOA和0.4 mM STS加0.5 mM AVG處理可延長花朵壽命為對照組的2~3倍。 以單朵試驗結果對蝴蝶蘭切花進行20℃3天之模擬貯運試驗，結果以0.5 mM AOA做為貯運期間瓶插液，和以0.4 mM STS加0.5 mM AOA在貯運前預措處理6小時，均可延長貯運後之切花瓶插壽命2倍以上。

Phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis spp.) is a climacteric flower which produces a large amount of ethylene during aging. Phalaenopsis floret is sensitive to ethylene and ethylene is considered as the main factor affecting the quality and vase-life of the flower. Silver thiosulfate (STS), aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and Co2+ are well-known ethylene inhibitors. Removal of the pollina and anther cap from an orchid flower, which is called emasculation, had been shown to hasten the upsurge of ethylene and was accompanied by flower senescence in various orchid species. By taking advantage of the rapid ethylene synthesis after emasculation, a simple evaluation system, which used single Phalaenopsis floret held in 7 cm long flasks, was developed for studying the effectiveness of ethylene inhibitors on the senescence of Phalaenopsis floret. Continuous treatments of 0.4 mM STS, 0.5 mM AOA, 0.5 mM AVG and 2mM CoCl2 were able to maintain the fresh weight, delay the emasculation-induced senescence and inhibit the ethylene production of ‘Phal. Crystal Veil’ Phalaenopsis florets. For ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ and ‘Dtps. Sogo Yukidian’ Phalaenopsis florets, 0.4 mM STS, 0.5 mM AOA, 0.5 mM AVG and 4 mM CoCl2 were found effective. Among these treatments, 0.5 mM AOA was the most effective one; it significantly extend the vase life of ‘ Phal. Crystal Veil’, ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ and ‘Dtps. Sogo Yukidian’ florets 3, 6 and 7 folds as compared with the control. Mixing two effective compounds in continuous treatment, did not result in better performance than single-compound treatment, and 0.5 mM AOA remained as the most effective treatment. For normal, un-emasculated ‘Phal. Crystal Veil’ Phalaenopsis florets, 0.4 mM STS was most effective, followed by 0.5 mM AOA; both treatments extended the vase life more than three folds than control. Pulsing treatment of ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ floret with all the previous compounds for 6 hours, effectively delayed the senescence of emasculated florets. Doubling the dosage further extended the vase life and maintained the fresh weight of ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ floret. Among the treatments, 0.8 mM STS, 1.0 mM AOA and 8 mM CoCl2 were most effective; the vase life was extended 2 – 3 fold of the control. Mixing two effective compounds for pulsing treatment were more effective than single compounds. Pulsing with 0.4 mM STS plus 0.5 mM AOA resulted in nine to ten folds increase in vase life than the control. For un-emasculated ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ florets, pulsing with mixed inhibitors for 6 hours also maintained the fresh weight longer than the control. Pulsing with 0.4 mM STS plus 0.5 mM AOA and 0.4 mM STS plus 0.5 mM AVG were most effective; the vase life were extended two to three folds compared to the control. The effective compounds were applied to the whole cut inflorescence of ‘Dtps. Han Ben’s Girl’ during a simulate shipment at 20℃ for 3 days, and the results showed that pulsing with of 0.4 mM STS plus 0.5 mM AOA before shipment for 6 hours, and continuous treatment of 0.5 mM AOA during shipment could extend the vase life of the cut flower more than 2 folds than the control.