城市的自然空間：當代台北素食物質性與空間物質性之研究

Abstract

在當前自然研究的基礎上，本文進一步關注當代城市中所興起的自然實踐，並以此展開自然空間性，以及城市—自然多元辯證關係的探討。依據廣泛的經驗現象，本文初步歸納城市中的自然實踐常是憑藉特定自然物質，在重新配置空間的過程，塑造特定的自然空間。由此本文結合人文地理學再物質化取徑，以物質性、空間物質性、體現等概念為分析途徑，提出當代城市生活中：(1) 自然物質的物質性為何、如何經驗；(2) 自然空間的物質性為何、如何經驗；(3) 自然空間與城市空間如何相互對應等發問。 全文以當代台北素食飲食實踐為分析項目，一方面對照同時期強調自然的各式生活風格或飲食，如樂活、慢活、有機、健康肉食等；一方面彰顯素食主義抵制肉食的具體行動，以比照的方式展現自然物質性與自然空間性競逐的運作特徵。透過書面資料、網路資訊，以及訪談、參與觀察結果，本文最終歸納三個理解概念：(1) 當代自然的物質性，憑藉時代中的非/實體操作基礎，如知識、科技等，得在各種物質間複製、轉移，可理解為「流動的自然」；(2) 當代城市自然空間的物質性與城市其他空間的物質性呈現重疊、對照的動態辯證關係，將城市內部劃分為彼此聯繫的區塊，可統合理解為「競逐的城市」；(3) 各種流動、競逐的自然將透過個人獨特的體現經驗，形成一定的組成，而固著在小範圍的時空路徑中，其內在運作規則可理解為「自然的基模」。概括而言，呼應當代社會環境的變遷，各種物質爭先依附自然重新表述物質性，致使自然物質性的範疇內充滿對立與衝突，城市空間也愈加混雜，在在深化當代自然議題的複雜性與爭議性。

Based on contemporary studies of (social) natures, this essay is concerned with varied social practices in the city which produce, reproduce, and transform different natures. It attempts to develop understanding of spatialities of natures and the multi-dialect relationship between natures and cities. According to re-materializing approaches in human geography, there are dimensions of materiality, materiality of space, and embodiment to be analyzed. This raises three questions: what are the materialities of the natural materials?; what are the materialities of the natural spaces?; in what ways that the natural spaces and cities intertwine together? Intending to answer those questions, the contemporary vegetarian diet in Taipei City is introduced. In this essay, the research data relies on collection of related information in magazines, networks, papers, etc. and the fieldwork on vegetarians and vegetarian restaurants in Taipei city. On the one hand, it compares the vegetarian diet with contemporary lifestyles or diets which place great emphasis on the pursuit of the natural, e.g. LOHAS, ‘Slow Planet,’ organic diet. On the other hand, it explores the resistant actions of meat-eating. In the conclusions, I explore three concepts to think the materialities and spatialities of natures. First, the materialities of natures can be transformed and copied into different materials, like ‘moving natures.’ Second, the materialities of natural spaces dialectally interact with cities, like ‘contested cities.’ Finally, the moving and contested natures are grounded through individual’s embodied experiences. There is some rule internalized, like ‘the schema of natures.’ Altogether, the social-environment change of contemporary society evokes the natural and to following, varied materials invoke the materialities of natures. This tendency causes the issue of nature much perplexity.