從“Just for the Love”到“Giant Steps”－約翰柯川早期作品中獨特的和聲/調性結構

Abstract

約翰柯川「多調性系統」中獨特的和聲/調性結構，多年來始終是樂界討論與注目的焦點。然而目前的研究多傾向於將「多調性系統」與柯川早期作品（1956年至1959年）作切割討論，彷彿兩者之間並無關聯。本論文將重新檢視柯川早期作品與「多調性系統」鉅作“Giant Steps”之關係，從分析轉調的模式、比較調性鋪陳的架構，可以發現柯川事實上藉由其早期作品，進行了一系列的和聲實驗，而“Giant Steps”正是這些實驗大功告成的結果。 本論文將分為三部分來探討柯川此一時期的和聲實驗：遠系調下行轉調的鋪陳模式、半音上行turnaround以及“Lady Bird”的多方面影響。遠系調下行的鋪陳模式，源自於查理帕克的大調藍調（Major Blues），柯川藉由此一模式來探究不同音程轉調的可能性：大二度、小二度與大三度，具有此類結構的樂曲包括“Just for the Love”、“Straight Street”、“Grand Central”、“Spiral”及“Giant Steps”。半音上行turnaround為柯川原創的概念，由原本在“Just for the Love”與“Straight Street”等樂曲中不具結構性意義的橋段，演變為構築“Moment’s Notice”全曲和聲結構的“和聲動機”。“Lady Bird”的多方面影響則對於此一Tadd Dameron名曲在和聲與旋律上對柯川創作的影響，提供了另類的觀察。

For decades the unique harmonic/tonal structures in John Coltrane’s 「Tonic System」 has always been the focus of discussion. But till now most of these researches separate 「Tonic System」 works from Coltrane’s early compositions (1956 to 1959), as though they were not related. The purpose of this thesis is to re-exam the connections between Coltrane’s early works and his 「Tonic System」 master piece “Giant Steps”. Through analyzing the modulating models, comparing the tonal mappings, one can find with his early compositions, Coltrane was conducting series of harmonic experiments, and “Giant Steps” is the final result of these experiments. The main body of this thesis is divided in three parts: descending from foreign key model, chromatic ascending turnaround and the “Lady Bird” influence. The descending from foreign key model is derived from Charlie Parker’s Major Blues harmony. Which allows Coltrane to explore the possibilities of modulation in different intervals: major 2nd, minor 2nd and major 3rd. Pieces in discussion include “Just for the Love”, “Straight Street”, “Grand Central”, “Spiral” and “Giant Steps”. Chromatic ascending turnaround is entirely Coltrane’s original idea. It started as an insignificant harmonic role in works like “Just for the Love” and “Straight Street”, but turned out to be the harmonic building block of “Moment’s Notice”. The “Lady Bird” influence provides an alternative perspective of how Tadd Dameron’s famous work “Lady Bird” inspired Coltrane’s compositional mechanism not only harmonically, but also melodically as well.