中華人民共和國執行《1982年聯合國海洋法公約》環境法的分析

Abstract

被稱為「海洋憲章」的1982年《聯合國海洋法公約》是一部具權威性和綜合性的國際條約，此部前所未見的《聯合國海洋法公約》，共分17部分，其中有一部分，亦即第十二部分，章名為「海洋環境的保護與保全」，同時也可以在《海洋法公約》中看到關於海洋環境的保護與保全的其他相關條款。足見海洋環境保護議題在當代國際法，當然亦即當代國際海洋法，之重要性。中華人民共和國近年來急速的經濟發展，導致其廣大的管轄水域存在著環境危機，本文欲探討中國在海洋環境保護與保全的現狀，包括中國對海洋環境的態度與規範，並以《海洋法公約》分析中國與國際海洋環境規範在法制面及落實面的對應關係。

The rapid economic growth of the PRC in recent years, coupled with the enormous sea area under its jurisdiction, has led many to look with concern on a possible environmental crisis in the waters of East Asia. In this regard, the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea an international treaty of unprecedented authority and comprehensiveness, sometimes described as a constitution for the oceans. Of its 17 sections, one section is dedicated to the protection and preservation of the marine environment, as well as numerous and highly significant articles scattered through the remainder of the text. This thesis will therefore use the convention to analyze China’s commitment to tackling the issue of marine environmental degradation. Through this it is hoped to gain a clearer perspective of China’s attitude towards international environmental law, as well as the functioning of the convention in East Asia.