陽明山國家公園遊客認知及其對旅遊行為之影響

Abstract

遊客行為受到遊客社經特性及其對旅遊地環境認知與態度的影響，其結果直接影響到旅遊地的體驗品質。本研究主要是探討國家公園遊客對公園環境之認知，以陽明山國家公園前山範圍作為研究對象，透過問卷調查及統計分析方法進行實證研究，期望瞭解旅遊行為與遊客特性、遊客體驗歷程與遊客對陽明山國家公園之環境認知之關係。本研究首先對陽明山國家公園遊客特性進行調查，且將夜間前來遊玩之遊客納入調查範圍，結果發現實際的遊憩活動類型、遊憩動機等等，皆超過國家公園當初設立所應具備之功能與供給範疇，顯示陽明山國家公園之遊客遊憩型態已經改變。理論上，國家公園應是以環境生態自然保育為優先，提供遊客環境教育；實際上，遊客前來此地，卻以一般遊憩活動為主，泡溫泉、飆車、兜風、採海芋和吃野菜等等，直接破壞陽明山國家公園之自然環境。本研究依照遊客之遊憩動機分為三群，包括一般休閒群、環境體驗群與運動健身群；並分析不同集群之遊客特性，以瞭解什麼樣的遊客來本區從事什麼樣的活動，提供未來經營管理參考。另外，本研究為了瞭解驅使遊客行為決策之動力，調查分析遊客之環境認知，其中包括知識、學習、態度與規範等因素，遊客之環境認知皆因不同遊客特性有顯著差異，遊客有進入國家公園之認知，其行為卻與一般都市公園並無差異，顯示遊客普遍缺乏應有之環境教育學習與對國家公園應有之態度與規範。對都會型國家公園之經營管理者而言，面對龐大的遊憩壓力，有必要瞭解遊客之需求與變化，調整規劃與活動管理，以維護國家公園應有之功能與當初設立以環境保育為目的的初衷。本研究之成果應有助於國家公園管理機關擬定適當的管理策略。

ABSTRACT Vistor behavior is impacted by visitor’s social characteristic and environmental cognition and attitude towards the site, its result influences the experience quality of the visit site directly. This research is mainly to probe into vistor’s environmental cognition of Yang Ming Shan National Park.Through the questionnaire survey and statestics analysis it is aimed to understand the vistor’s behavior, characteristic, inherent relation that experience course and visitor’s environmental cognition of Yang Ming Shan National Park. This research surveys visitor's characteristic of national park of Yang Ming Shan including visitors playing at night. In theory, the national park is aimed to protect environment ecology and to offer environmental education to visitors. However, visitors come to here rely mainly on generally rest activity, like to bath in hot spring, racing car, joyride, pick calla and eat edible wild herbs,etc, destroy the natural environment in thenational park of Yang Ming Shan directly.This research divide visitors into three group according to motive of visitors, including general recreation group, environment experience group and build up body group. And to analyze different visitor characteristic of cluster, in order to understand what kind of visitor come to this distrct and what kind of activity is engaged in, offer administration and management to consult in the future. In addition, in order to understand motivation force of visitor’s behavior decision and analyse visitors’ environmental cognition, including such factors as the knowledge, learning,attitude and norm,etc. Visitors’ environmental cognition have difference in showing with visitors’ characteristic. Survey shows that visitors generally lack environment education and attitude and norm with they should be to the national park. To administrative department of national park, near Taipei metropolitan area facing to visiting pressure hugely, it is necessary to understand visitors’ demand and change. The function of the national park and the original abjective to conserve environmental should be maintained. The findings in this research should contribute to agencies drafting the proper management plan.