森林生態旅遊地遊客環境識覺與行為之研究-以內洞森林遊樂區為例

Abstract

本研究的主要目的乃是探討遊客在生態旅遊地中的環境識覺與行為，與其對生態旅遊的認知與參與意願。生態旅遊是一種負責任的旅遊，強調自然環境保護和旅遊地的永續利用。台灣自2002年推動生態旅遊以來，各旅遊地無不積極爭取成為生態旅遊地的一員。其中國家森林遊樂區屬於自然資源豐富的旅遊地，因此在林務局規劃下推動森林生態旅遊。在推動生態旅遊的過程中，遊客是成敗與否的關鍵要素。 本研究實証個案以內洞國家森林遊樂區為例，於2008年3月至7月間對遊客進行問卷抽樣調查，有效問卷計324份，經統計分析結果顯示如下： 1.森林生態旅遊地區的遊客年齡、學歷均偏高，遊伴多為家人親戚或朋友同事開車前來，以欣賞大自然與運動健行為主，初訪遊客比例甚高；此外，再訪率亦相當高。 2.「瀑布」是內洞森林遊樂區最鮮明的景觀意象，其次為「溪流」與「森林」。 3.遊客對區內環境屬性滿意度中的實質環境、社會環境、自我行為與整體滿意度的評價皆高，尤以自我行為的滿意度最高；對管理環境中的門票收費制度與交通易達性的滿意度最低。 4.透過變異數分析與卡方檢定的結果顯示，不同的遊客基本特性與旅遊特性，在環境識覺與行為、環境滿意度上皆有顯著差異。 5.遊客對生態旅遊的認知與嚴格生態旅遊的定義有偏差，較符合大眾生態旅遊的形式。而良好的生態旅遊認知與環境滿意度會顯著提高遊客對生態旅遊的參與意願。 6.遊客對內洞森林遊樂區的生態旅遊活動行程參與意願高，願付價值約在500-1000元。 本研究成果希冀供相關森林遊樂區主管單位從事生態旅遊規劃上與經營及管理上之參考。

The purpose of this study is to understand tourists’ environment perception and spatial behavior, ecotourism cognition and participation willingness. Ecotourism is a kind of responsible tourism, emphasizing natural environment protection and sustainable tourism place. Taiwanese government has impelled ecotourism since 2002, which triggered keepers of recreation areas to join the trend. The Forestry Bureau in Taiwan impelled forest ecotourism in National Forest Recreation Areas because there are rich natural resources .Tourists are essential in developing ecotourism. The researcher conducts a case study in Neidong National Forest Recreation Area, analyzing 324 effective questionnaires. The findings suggest that : 1.Tourists in this forest ecotourism area tend to be in older age and/or with higher educational background. Most of those tourists came here with family members or friends by cars with the intention to appreciate the beauty of the nature or to hike. The re-visiting rate is high and there are always new comers. 2.“Waterfall” is the deepest impression image in Neidong National Forest Recreation Area, ”River” and “Forest” comes after. 3.The tourists’ environmental satisfaction is high, especially in self-behavior. 4.Using ANOVA and χ 2 test analysis showed that different visitor characteristics have significant impacts on their environment perception, spatial behavior, environment satisfaction, and ecotourism cognition. 5.Better ecotourism cognition and higher degree of environment satisfaction can enhance tourist’ willingness to participate in ecotourism. 6.The tourists not only reported high levels of willingness to participate in but also indicated the willingness-to-pay values about 500 to 1000 NT dollars. These finding results can provide the relevant governmental units that are in charge with ecotourism plans for forest recreation area hopefully.