國樂團經營管理之研究 –以臺灣國家國樂團為例

Abstract

國樂團的經營管理近十餘年來逐漸被重視，並成為研究的議題。臺灣國家國樂團成立至今，經過多次組織擴編與更名，惟遲遲未能完成法制化，組織的定位、人員的汰換、未來經營的走向等，都是值得深思的課題。期盼透過本文的研究，為樂團建構發展脈絡、以經營管理理論對樂團進行剖析、尋找樂團核心能力以提升競爭力、建立合宜薪酬制度與績效評估以達實質激勵效果的目的。 本研究透過個案研究法，藉由經營管理的理論對臺灣國家國樂團的文獻資料進行分析研究，並從組織、人力資源、節目製作與演出、行銷與財務等五個構面進行剖析，以檢視組織定位、組織管理、人員任用等議題的探討。並採用文獻分析比較的方式，進行國家國樂團與香港中樂團、新加坡華樂團的比較，藉此瞭解國家國樂團自身的優劣勢所在，及要成為世界一流的國樂團體所應努力的方向。 分析結果顯示，國家國樂團應以社教功能定位之公設機構或行政法人組織為法制化的發展方向。並且，組織應朝向開創一個資訊公開、透明的溝通平台，以建立互信機制；強化行銷功能，讓資源得以發揮其最大效益；廣集富有創意及感染力的作品，建立自有在地化的特色；人員適度汰換，注入新血，有助於樂團朝向正面發展，更可帶動樂團的活力與生命力。若要「立足本土，邁向國際」，除了政府的支持是重要的關鍵成功因素外，樂團全體自身的努力，才是真正成為臺灣一流優質表演團體，邁向世界舞台的必要動能。

In recent decades years, there has been increased attention and research on Chinese Orchestra management. Since the National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan has been established, it still hasn’t been legislated after repeated changing its organizational structure and name. The organization positioning, personnel’s replacement, and future management direction are issues worth concerning. Using management theory, this paper aims to contribute to the structure of orchestra development by analyzing the National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan. The analysis includes finding the killer-apt of orchestra to be more competitive, establishing appropriate salary policy as well as performance evaluation for morale and production. This study employed the case study method and management theory to analyze previous literature and documents on National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan. The author examines the issues such as organization positioning, management, and hiring structure from five aspects which are organization, human resource, program production and performance, marketing, and finance. In addition, the study cross referenced the literature to compare National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan with Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra and Singapore Chinese Orchestra to understand the advantages and weaknesses of National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan as well as directions to become the top Chinese Orchestra worldwide. The analysis showed that National Chinese Orchestra, Taiwan should position in educational public organization or administrative legal organization as the framework toward the development of legislature . In addition, the organization should create a communication platform with transparent information to establish trust. It should also strengthen marketing process to maximize the uses and benefits of resources; collect creative and affective music pieces to establish the localized characteristics; replacing members appropriately to help the orchestra develop positive way and instill the energy and life to the orchestra. If we want to “stand on our ground and go forward to the world,” in addition to the government support as an important seminal factor to success, the efforts from the orchestra is necessary to become the top performance group in Taiwan and in the world.