高效率陣列式太陽焦點循軌追蹤集能系統

Abstract

能源日亦枯竭的現在，如何利用不會產生污染的能源便很重要，又因太陽能量充足且容易取得，因此本論文致力於研究太陽能的收集與應用，以更省電與太陽能電池效率增加為目標，發展出相應的機構，並利用集光的原理，提高太陽能電池的輸出效率。 為了能更節省馬達的耗電，使用小型的聚光機構與太陽能電池。利用透鏡下方聚焦的軌跡，得到一類似V型的曲線，利用此曲線做成陣列式的設計，使小型直流減速馬達做最有效率的應用。此系統包含：聚焦型太陽能電池、菲涅耳透鏡、陣列式太陽焦點追蹤集能系統、小型直流減速馬達、2組光敏電阻、2顆微動開關(繼電器)、微控制晶片PIC18F4520與電路板。 本追蹤集能系統的特點如下： 1. 本機構的透鏡不動，只有太陽能電池隨著透鏡在太陽下的聚焦軌跡移動。 2. 利用透鏡在太陽底下聚焦的焦點所形成的類似V型聚焦軌跡，設計出電池運行的軌道。 3. 馬達只需要轉動太陽能電池和電池承載平台即可，機構利用壓克力製作，重量輕盈，所耗的功率較其他使用馬達的太陽能追蹤系統小。 4. 馬達只需作單軸的轉動，即可利用本追蹤系統的設計轉換使太陽能電池做2-D的運動。 5. 利用磁鐵讓電池承載平台能平穩的維持讓電池向上的轉動。 6. 利用光纖收集剩餘的光線，將太陽能源作最有效的利用。 目前已得到系統的單顆電池的輸出會比平放在地面的電池輸出增加超過28倍。若將9顆太陽能電池全都擺放於系統上，則電池的輸出增加超過24倍，由於量測當天天氣從下午2點多後變多雲陰天，因此若只看九顆電池在上午12點前則太陽能電池輸出增加27倍多，若只看九顆電池在下午的話電池的輸出增加則只有17倍多。

The energy dries up day by day, how to use energy which doesn’t have the pollution is very important. Because the solar energy is sufficient and easy to obtain, this paper devotes to the research of solar energy collection and the application, take saves the electricity and to increase efficiency of solar cell as the goal. Develop the corresponding mechanism, and use Fresnel lens to raises solar cell's output efficiency. To let the small DC deceleration motor reduces the consumption the electric, uses the small focusing mechanism and the solar cell. Underneath the path of Fresnel lens focuses, obtains a similar V curve, uses this curve to make the array-like design, causes the small DC deceleration motor to make the most effective application. This system includes: Concentration solar cell, Fresnel lens, Focal Trajectory Tracking Solar Collector array, the small DC deceleration motor, 2 groups of photo resistances, 2 micro-active switches, and the micro control chip PIC18F4520 and circuit board. The characteristics of the system are as follows: 1. This lenses of mechanism are fixed, only solar cells move along with focusing path. 2. The similar V focusing path is different by using different lens. 3. The motor only needs to rotate the solar cells and the cell platform, the mechanism use acrylic fabric manufacture to consume power of motor. 4. The motor only need make the single axle the rotation, then uses this tracking system's design transformation to cause the solar cells to make 2-D the movement. 5. Enables the cell platform using the magnet the steady maintenance to let the cells upward rotation. 6. Using the optical fiber collection , to use solar energy more efficiency. Now one cell’s output of system compared to fix on the ground increases surpasses 28 times. If places 9 solar cells on the system, then battery's output increases surpasses 24 times. At the same day weather after past 2:00 pm changes to the cloudy day, if only looks before 12:00 am, then the solar cell outputs increases more than 27 times, if only looked in the afternoon cell's output increases more than 17 times.