台灣報紙國際新聞的組織控制－ 編譯專業自主權與回應控制策略

Abstract

台灣報紙的國際新聞，理論上應該是最不存在組織控制的版面。有鑑於國際新聞的編譯工作通常屬單兵作業、仰賴外電資料等自成一格的特性，在理論上，編譯的專業自主權應高於跑國內新聞的記者。然而，實務上，編譯仍不可避免地受新聞組織的控制，而且受到組織控制的程度，比起記者更有過之而無不及。編譯如同記者，除面臨來自報老闆的正式控制外，還面臨科層制度與新聞產製流程的非正式控制。在國際新聞國內化的趨勢下，編譯與記者之間的工作分野愈來愈模糊，而報老闆也認為兩者都是其家臣。但與記者不同的是，受限於國際新聞在報社內往往扮演國內新聞的附庸角色，以及主管在報老闆與基層編譯之間扮演的代理人角色，使得編譯的專業自主權受到報社科層制度與新聞產製流程的影響也更大。本研究就是嘗試勾勒台灣報紙國際新聞的科層制度與新聞產製流程，並藉由對國內四家大報國際新聞主管與編譯的深度訪談，界定編譯的專業自主權及影響其自主權的因素；接著，透過在其中兩家報社內部的參與觀察，分析編譯在實務上如何受到組織控制，及最宜採取何種回應策略來維護本身的專業自主權。作者發現，資深與資淺、主管與基層編譯、有無新聞傳播科系背景、明星編譯與非明星編譯等角色差異，對於組織控制的認知或享有的專業自主權程度有別。至於編譯回應組織控制的策略，雖只有抵抗與不抵抗兩種主要類型。但這兩種主類型還可各再細分三種次類型。這也代表在組織的強勢控制下，編譯做出一定程度的抵抗並非不可能。

International news departments of Taiwan’s newspapers were theoretically supposed to be the unit in which organizational control exists much less. Considering the characteristics that the translators’ work belongs to the one-man show and depends on news agency’s data, the author thinks they enjoy higher professional autonomy than news reporter. In real situations, however, translators face organizational control, including formal control from the newspaper owners and informal ones from the bureaucracy and the news-making process, just like reporters. With the trends of international news, which are being localized, the work distinction between translators and reporters has been blurring, and the owners think translators and reporters both are their protégés. But unlike reporters, translators, who are limited to the facts that international news secondary to national ones and the bosses play the role of agent between owners and translators, suffer more from the bureaucracy and the news-making process. As a result, this research attempts to outline the international news bureaucracy and making process in Taiwan newspapers, and to define translators’ professional autonomy and factors which influence their autonomy, by in-depth interviews of international news directors and staff at four newspapers in Taiwan. Then, the author highlights that how translators are controlled by the news organizations and what is the best strategy to response against control.