黃裳鳳蝶蝶蛹微棲地與在道路工程之應用

Abstract

動物的族群和移動在道路兩側或交會處與其在原始棲地時有很大的不同，對蝴蝶而言，道路使用的運輸行為會造成大量蜻蜓和蝴蝶的死亡，同時，道路也漸漸成為造成蝴蝶棲地破碎化的重要原因之一。然而，經過適當的管理與營造之路側，卻具有做為部分蝴蝶的棲地或生態廊道的可能性。 黃裳鳳蝶為台灣保育種，當其幼蟲準備結蛹時，會選擇安全的所在，並在合適的地點將自己吊掛。為了瞭解黃裳鳳蝶選擇結蛹的微棲地特性，我們在位於台北縣的｢牛伯伯蝴蝶園｣進行野外實驗，實驗中隨機選擇30個蝶蛹，並調查結蛹點之各項環境因子，包括：高度、風速、照度、噪音、與道路的距離、道路寬度，以及與食草植物的距離等。 根據實驗結果發現蝶蛹在低風速或低光照百分比時有較高的出現頻率，並且結蛹地點會離開食草植物，但不會太遠；另外還可以發現，其對棲地邊緣（道路）的緩衝區仍是必須的。 接著從實驗場地採集一蝶蛹進行室內的風洞試驗，配合拍照以及AutoCAD 2005處理相片，可以瞭解蛹在不同風速下的振動方式。蛹的振幅會隨著風速的增大而增加，振動週期則隨著風速漸大而減小，但週期最低點在此處還無法得知。

Animal populations and movements may be quite different in “roadsides” or “verges” from their original habitat. Roads with vehicles cause prodigious numbers of insects, especially dragonflies and butterflies, killed. In addition, roads appear as one of the most important effects on butterfly habitat fragmentation. However, it has been suggested that well managed roadsides can be created as habitats or corridors for several butterfly species efficiently. Papilionidae Troides aeacus is one of protected species in Taiwan. When the Troides aeacus’ larvae are going to pupate, they will look for sheltered, safe spots to stay and find suitable places to attach themselves. This paper takes the Niu-Pei-Pei’s Butterfly Garden in Taipei County as a field experiment site to study the microhabitat of pupae. 30 pupae are chosen randomly, at the same time, several factors, such as height, wind velocity, light, sound level, distances to roads, roads widths, and distances to their larval food plants, are measured in the area each pupa selects. Depending on the experiment, pupae have high occurrence in places with low wind velocity or low sunshine percentage. Besides, they would like to leave their larval food plants, but not far. Moreover, the buffer zone from the edge (roads) of their habitat is still needed. One pupa is taken from the butterfly garden to do the wind tunnel testing in the laboratory. According to the result, the pupal movement under different wind velocity is described. The vibration of a pupa is described by taking pictures and dimensioning in AutoCAD 2005. The amplitude is increasing while the wind velocity is enlarging. The period, nevertheless, is decreasing. The minimum period cannot be derived yet.