「多元就業開發方案」之政治經濟分析， 2000－2008

Abstract

「多元就業開發方案」是行政院勞工委員會為解決失業問題，參考歐盟發展第三部門促進就業的經驗，並結合「921大地震-以工代賑」及「災區重建大軍就業方案」的台灣本土經驗，於「永續就業工程計畫」的模式架構下，藉由整合中央各部會資源，結合地方政府及其轄區法人或團體，透過補助計畫的方式，培養失業者再就業能力，並創造在地工作機會的重要就業促進方案。 自91年推行以來，可劃分為三個演進階段：一是「萌發與草創期」；二是「奠基與發展期」；三是「成熟與轉型期」。另從政策理念的延續性，在相同的時間點上，可區分為「開創公共就業」的多元、「促進地方發展」的多元及「發展第三部門」的多元。 本研究從歷史縱向的脈絡觀察「多元就業開發方案」，歸納出「開創公共就業」、「扶植民間團體、促進地方發展」及「發展第三部門、協助永續經營」之三個政策理念的連貫性，並分析三種政策理念的變化組合，有層次與強弱的區別或有消長的情形。 對於「多元就業開發方案」政策發展脈絡的結論有四項：一、「多元就業開發方案」的發展價值在於形塑公民社會；二、「多元就業開發方案」的發展方向取決於政策理念的偏好；三、「多元就業開發方案」的發展目標在建立就業促進的合作夥伴；四、「多元就業開發方案」的發展策略核心是資源結合與整合。最後，並提出「多元就業開發方案」的政策規劃建議。

In order to solve the problem of unemployment, Council of Labor Affairs learned the experience from EU “the third system and development” to initiate a Multi-Employment Promotion Program (MEPP).Also, based on the experiences of “921 earthquake work-fare─Relief-by-Work Plan ” in 1999 and “disaster area reconstruction strategy” in 2000 as well as the framework of “Sustainable Development Employment Plan”, MEPP integrates central government, local governments and associations to build the capability of unemployment and enhance local economy by subsiding entrepreneurial projects. On the one hand, since 2002 the development of MEPP is divided into three stages, 1.emerging and initiating stage; 2.foundation laying and developing stage 3.maturing and transforming stage. On the other hand, considering the police ideologies, MEPP can also be identified as three kinds of multi-development; they are multi-developments on public employment, local development as well as the third sector diversity. Based on historical context of Multi-Employment Promotion Program (MEPP), the study induces three police ideologies which are to increase public employment, to incubate associations and to enhance local development as well as to expand the third sector and to assist them conducting sustainable management. From analyzing, we can also find out there is the ebb and flow of these three police ideologies mentioned above. In the study, there are four conclusions for MEPP. The first one is that the value of MEPP is to build up the civil society. Secondly, the development of MEPP is decided based on preferences of police ideology. Thirdly, the objective of MEPP is to set up partnership to cooperate on employment advancing. Fourth, the strategic core of MEPP is to integrate resources. Last but not least, the study proposes police suggestions for MEPP.