國小四年級學童的飲食行為 與其父母飲食行為配對類型之關係

Abstract

摘 要 兒童時期為個人養成飲食習慣的關鍵期，而父母在學童飲食行為的養成過程中，扮演著重要的角色，所以本研究目的包括：1.瞭解學童飲食行為之分佈；2.瞭解學童父母飲食行為及其配對類型的分佈；3.瞭解學童之個人因素、環境因素及父母個人因素與其飲食行為的關係；4.探討學童飲食行為與其父母之飲食行為的關聯性。 利用「兒童及青少年行為長期發展研究」中，共1556位國小四年級學童及其父母的資料，進行次級資料分析。重要結果如下：1.台北市與新竹縣的學童，以每天都有從事某項飲食行為頻率的高低排列依次為，吃早餐（77.02％，73.60％）、吃蔬果（59.53％，50.90％）、吃宵夜（8.28％，9.43％）、吃速食（0.87％，1.83％）。2.將「常常有」和「總是有」合併為「經常有」某項飲食行為時，學童父親和母親中，各有80.82％和80.23％的人經常吃早餐；85.80％和92.79％的人經常吃蔬菜或水果；12.34％和5.75％的人經常吃宵夜；4.14％和2.78％的人經常吃速食。3.父母四項飲食行為配對類型之分佈，在吃早餐和吃蔬果行為上，以「父高（頻率）母高（頻率）」組的比率最多，分別佔67.59％和80.92％；在吃宵夜和吃速食上，以「父低母低」組的比率最多，分別佔50.32％和53.08％。4.父母飲食行為配對類型與學童吃早餐、吃宵夜與吃速食三項行為有顯著關聯。當父母兩人吃早餐、吃宵夜和吃速食頻率皆高時，學童經常吃早餐、吃宵夜和吃速食的可能性才顯著增加。根據本研究結果，建議在學童飲食行為的養成計畫或親職教育中，將學童的父親及母親當作介入對象，加強其成為正確飲食模範的認知和能力。

Abstract Childhood is a critical period to form an eating habit; parents play an important role in this period. The purposes of this research are: (1) to understand the distribution of school children’s eating behaviors; (2) to understand the distributions of parental eating behaviors and their matching types; (3) to elucidate the relationship between individual, environmental, and parental personal factors and school children’s eating behaviors, (4) to investigate the relationship between school children’s eating behaviors and matching types of their parental eating behaviors. This study utilizes the first-year data of a longitudinal study entitling” Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution” (CABLE). And, the data set is consisted of 1556 fourth graders and their parents. The major finding of this study is shown as following. First, the most frequent eating behaviors of school children in Taipei city and Hsinchu county are eating breakfast (77.02%, 73.60%), eating fruit and vegetables (59.53%, 50.09%), eating in late night (8.82%, 9.43%), and eating fast food (0.87%, 1.83%) respectively. Second, the most frequent eating behaviors of fathers and mothers are eating breakfast (80.02%, 80.23%), eating fruit and vegetables (85.80%, 92.79%), eating in late night (12.34%, 5.75%), and eating fast food (4.14%, 2.78%) respectively. Third, the most frequent matching type of eating behaviors in eating breakfast and eating fruit and vegetables is “father high vs. mother high”. And, the most frequent matching type in eating in late night and eating fast food is “father low vs. mother low”. Finally, the relationship between school children’s eating behaviors and matching types of their parental eating behaviors is significant in eating breakfast, eating in late night, and eating fast food. According to these results, it is possible to treat both their parents as intervening subjects in the eating behavioral and familial education of school children, and encourages parents to establish healthy eating behavioral examples.