庄農進京──《紅樓夢》續書中的偽富貴敘事

Abstract

本文以《紅樓夢》及其續書中關於「富貴敘事」的情節描寫為研究對象。對於《紅樓夢》的研究，幾乎可以等同於對中國菁英文化的研究，在此等富貴大家中，由於長期的時間積累與高度的財富支援，其物欲享受可以說達到了社會的頂峰；同時為了支撐整個大族的運作，整個家族上下千餘人口，也必須在一定秩序下進行安頓，如何協作複雜的物質運用與人力安排，便會形成一套井然有序的禮制，而支撐著一切繁文縟節的精神力量，便是貴族之所以為貴的貴族精神，象徵著高雅、秩序、良好教養，也使得身處並享受此一階層優勢者如曹雪芹、脂硯齋等人深感自豪，並在一切繁華落盡之後，傾盡一生追念懷想，同時也對未能理解此等人家之真實面貌卻又妄加批評、模擬者，提出了「庄農進京」的批評。 在《紅樓夢》為數眾多的續書中，為了重整續作者本身對前作所抱持的遺憾，也因續作者本身並未經歷足以將上層階級文化內化於己身，甚至從未經歷過類似的生活經驗，而單單只能依賴想像，重新經營世家大族的生活樣貌，因此出現諸般描寫上的失準，使得續作不只在藝術成就上遠遜前書，甚至對於身為續作首要的繼承精神，也因缺乏足夠的知識與文化背景，而成為「續貂」之筆。 偽富貴敘事是對前八十回富貴敘事的反面論述，透過特定主題之對比，一則可以解析續書之所以向來不受稱許之原因，二則在正反雙方的映照檢視之下，更能重新理解原作中獨特的美感。因此本文先行檢視《紅樓夢》前八十回中如何評寫假擬妄言之人，並運用前八十回文本中對於整體貴族上層文化的描寫理解，與高鶚所寫後四十回及《後紅樓夢》、《綺樓重夢》、《補紅樓夢》等三本代表性續書之情節相互對照，探究續書之所以無法企及前作的創作背景原因。

This thesis focuses on the “narrative of nobility” in The Dream of Red Chamber (Hong Lou Meng) and its sequels. The study about The Dream of the Red Chamber is also about Chinese elite culture, from material level up to ideological level. The nobles in this novel accumulate tremendous fortune, and live in luxury, but to afford the expense, over a thousand people in the family must keep in perfect order, which is extremely complex. What lies beneath the order is the spirit of nobility, which symbolize elegance, discipline and virtue. Cao Xueqin and Writer are of nobilty, they are proud of their class origin, and criticized those writers and commentators who can’t understand the spirit of nobility as 'farmers coming to capital'. Those authors of sequels didn’t have the same experience as Cao Xueqin so that they can only write the noble life with their imagination, and that’s how the imaginative narrative of nobility comes. Therefore, this article first view how the first eighty chapters of The Dream of Red Chamber builds narrative of nobility, then compares with the after forty chapters written by Gao E and the three representative sequels Hou Hong Lou Meng, Qi Lou Zhong Meng, Bu Hong Lou Meng, continued to explore the reason why the book can’t match its redecessor creative background reasons.