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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 李慧梅 | |
dc.contributor.author | Shin-Hao Yang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 楊心豪 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T16:37:24Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2005-07-11 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2005-07-11 | |
dc.date.issued | 2005 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2005-07-06 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Abdul, A. S., Gibson, T. L., & Rai, D. N. (1990). Selection of Surfactants for the Removal of Petroleum Products from Shallow Sandy Aquifers. Ground Water, 28, 920-926.
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/38560 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 靜電濾材是近年來最常被用來去除室內懸浮微粒之濾材,本研究是以界面活性劑處理不帶電濾材使,其成為帶有表面電荷之帶電濾材(Surfactant Pretreated Filters, SPFs),本研究選取三型界面活性劑來處理聚丙烯濾材,其分別為sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)與sodium oleate(SO)陰離子界面活性劑及dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide(DDAB)陽離子界面活性劑。更針對不同之實驗變因探討濾材之微粒穿透率,包含氣膠大小(0.05-0.5 µm)、表面風速(0.1-1.0 m/s)、氣膠種類,同時求得三種界面活性劑前處理濾材之表面電荷與建立靜電力單一纖維效率半經驗式,更進一步評估此類SPFs之微粒載負特性以及其對生物氣膠之過濾特性。
三種界面活性劑(0.05 M DDAB、SO及SDS)前處理濾材在0.3 µm中性帶電微粒之穿透率分別為37%、45%、60%,未處理濾材之0.3 µm中性帶電微粒穿透率為76%,同時利用表面電場計量測三種SPFs,發現DDAB前處理濾材之表面電場最大,其次為SO前處理濾材,SDS前處理濾材最低。由兩部分實驗結果可知界面活性劑前處理程序的確會使不帶電濾材之表面帶有電荷。越高調理濃度之SPFs其表面電場越高,其微粒穿透率也越低。當表面風速由0.1 m/s增加至1.0 m/s時,氣膠微粒的穿透率隨之上升。比較SPFs對固體氣膠與油滴氣膠之過濾特性,發現SPFs對於固體氣膠微粒有較佳的過濾效率。當氣膠微粒之介電常數越大,過濾效率越佳。相對濕度對SPFs之微粒穿透率影響並不明顯。三種界面活性劑前處理濾材之庫倫力與介電力單一纖維過濾效率之半經驗式已建立。 SPFs之微粒載負過程可分為兩個階段,第一階段微粒穿透率會先開始上升,待上升至最大值後,在開始下降,直到穿透率下降至零。0.05 M DDAB前處理之濾材之阻塞點約在30 g/m2附近,而0.05 M SO前處理之濾材之阻塞點約在28g/m2附近,然未處理濾材之阻塞點在18 g/m2,整體結果顯示當濾材以界面活性劑處理後除使得其穿透率下降外,載負量也大幅之提升。比較不同濃度之界面活性劑前處理濾材,發現濃度越高,其阻塞點越大,可以發現越小之微粒,其阻塞點越小,當表面風速越大時,其阻塞點越小。 E-Coli生物氣膠在未處理、0.05 M SO與0.05 M DDAB前處理濾材上之穿透率分別為66%、28%及22%,Candida famata var. flareri生物氣膠在未處理、0.05 M SO與0.05 M DDAB前處理濾材上之穿透率分別為60%、21%及15%,可知SPFs對於生物氣膠有較佳之過濾效率。SPFs表面上之界面活性劑對於生物氣膠滋生有明顯抑制作用。面風速由0.05 m/s增加至0.2 m/s時,生物氣膠微粒之穿透率隨之上升。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | This study elucidates the effects of using a surfactant-pretreated filter (SPF) as an electret filter on the aerosol penetration. Surfactants (dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, DDAB; sodium oleate, SO; sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) were used to pretreat polypropylene fibrous filters to make them charged. Various factors, including the particle size (0.05 to 0.5 μm), the aerosol charge state (Boltzmann-equilibrium charge, neutral and singly charge), the face velocity (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 m/s), the species of aerosol, the relative humidity (RH 30% and RH 70%) and the concentration of surfactant (0.01 M, 0.05 M and 0.08M) were considered to evaluate their effects on the aerosol collection characteristics. The Loading behaviors of these SPFs were also evaluated in this study. Furthermore, this study investigated the collection characteristics of the SPFs for bioaerosols.
Experimental results from our study demonstrate that the aerosol penetrations through SPFs were lower than through the untreated filter. The 0.3 μm-aerosol penetrations through an untreated, 0.05 M DDAB, SO and SDS-pretreated filters with Boltzmann-equilibrium charged aerosol were about 76%, 37%, 45% and 60%. Pretreating the filter with anionic surfactant did not change the structure of the filter and the mechanical capture force. The electric field measured by an electrofieldmeter of the SPFs was larger than that of untreated filter obviously. These findings imply that pretreatment with surfactant made the filters charged. The surface charge of the SPFs increased with the surfactant concentration. Aerosol penetrations through the SPFs increased with the face velocity. SPFs performed better against solid aerosol than against liquid aerosol. SPFs performed better when the tested aerosol had a larger dielectric constant. Relative humidity has no effect on the aerosol penetration through the SPFs. Regression equations for Coulombic and dielectrophoretic single-fiber efficiencies in terms of the dimensionless parameters could be fitted by the experimental measurements of SPFs in this work. The results also demonstrate pretreatment of the filter with surfactant increases its particle-loading capacity. The clogging points of the 0.05 M DDAB and SO pretreated filters and untreated filter are 30, 28 and 18 g/m2. When a filter pretreated with a higher concentration of surfactant has a larger loading capacity, and a filter cake is formed as more mass is deposited. Additionally the loading behavior of the SPFs also depended on the size of the particle. The smaller particle more seriously clogs the SPFs. The loading capacity of the SPFs is lower at a higher face velocity. Results of this study indicate that the bioaerosol penetrations through SPFs were lower than that through the untreated filter. Penetrations through an untreated, 0.05 M SO and DDAB-pretreated filters with E-Coli bioaerosol were about 66%, 28% and 22%, and Candida famata var. flareri bioaerosol penetration through an untreated, 0.05 M SO and DDAB-pretreated filters were about 60%, 21% and 21%. The data also imply that the surfactant on the SPFs has the restraint on bioaerosols. The penetrations through the SPFs with bioaerosol increased with the face velocity. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T16:37:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-94-D89541003-1.pdf: 1119401 bytes, checksum: 51b8e474e7af9d51354d3df2f6b7369b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究緣起 1 1-2 研究目的 2 1-3 研究內容與方法 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 室內懸浮微粒 4 2-1-1 非生物氣膠 4 2-1-2 生物氣膠 5 2-1-3 氣膠微粒之帶電特性 6 2-1-4室內污染物之危害 7 2-2 室內懸浮微粒清淨技術 10 2-2-1 靜電濾材(Electrically Charged Filter) 11 2-2-2 界面活性劑調理之帶電濾材(SPF) 12 2-3 過濾理論 14 2-3-1 機械性過濾機制 15 2-3-2 靜電過濾理論 18 2-4 靜電濾材纖維表面帶電量 21 2-4-1 unipolar fiber帶電濾材之表面電荷 21 2-4-2 Line-dipole fiber帶電濾材之表面電荷 22 2-5 靜電濾材過濾效能 23 2-5-1 靜電濾材過濾效率之探討 23 2-5-2 靜電濾材過濾機制之探討 24 2-5-3 不同氣膠成分對帶電濾材過濾特性之影響 26 2-5-4 靜電濾材之載負特性 27 2-5-5 靜電濾材之效能評估 28 2-5-6 不同電量之氣膠微粒對靜電濾材過濾效率之影響 29 2-5-7 不同相對濕度對靜電濾材過濾效率之影響 29 2-5-8 靜電濾材對生物氣膠之過濾效率 30 2-6 界面活性劑種類 31 2-6-1界面活性劑之定義 31 2-6-2 界面活性劑種類 32 2-6-3 界面活性劑於環工污染控制之應用 37 2-6-3-1界面活性劑對多環芳香烴化合物PAHs之溶化影響 37 2-6-3-2界面活性劑對二氧化碳及二氧化硫之吸收 38 2-6-3-3 地下水復育 39 2-6-3-4 土壤淋洗之復育 40 2-6-3-5 界面活性劑對有機化合物生物分解之影響 41 第三章 實驗方法與設備 42 3-1 實驗流程 42 3-2 實驗方法 43 3-2-1實驗氣膠的產生 43 3-2-2 生物氣膠產生方法 45 3-2-3 不同帶電性之氣膠微粒產生 47 3-2-4 界面活性劑之選擇 49 3-2-5 界面活性劑前處理帶電濾材之處理程序 51 3-2-6 實驗物種之選擇 54 3-2-7氣膠微粒穿透率量測 54 3-2-8生物氣膠採樣方法 55 3-2-9 氣膠電荷之量測 55 3-2-10 壓降之量測 55 3-2-11 濾材表面電荷之量測 56 3-2-12 相對濕度之調節 56 3-2-13 實驗變因 56 3-3 氣膠穿透率實驗步驟 59 3-4 氣膠載負實驗 61 3-5 生物氣膠存活率實驗 63 第四章 結果與討論 65 4-1 預先實驗 65 4-2 界面活性劑前處理之帶電濾材(SPFS)之過濾特性 68 4-2-1 SPFs之微粒穿透率 68 4-2-2 不同界面活性劑濃度下,SPFs之微粒穿透率 74 4-2-3 SPFs表面帶電之穩定度 79 4-2-4 不同電荷微粒對SPFs穿透率之影響 80 4-2-5 表面風速對SPFs穿透率之影響 85 4-2-6 固體氣膠與油滴氣膠對SPFs穿透率之影響 89 4-2-7 微粒介電常數對過濾效率之影響 93 4-2-8 不同相對濕度對SPFs穿透率之影響 97 4-2-9 SPFs之過濾效能(quality factor, qF) 101 4-2-10 比較不同變因對過濾效能之影響 106 4-2-11 SPFs 之成本分析 107 4-3 界面活性劑前處理之帶電濾材(SPFS)表面電荷之估算 109 4-4 靜電力單一纖維效率 110 4-4-1 庫倫力之單一纖維效率 111 4-4-2 介電力之單一纖維效率 114 4-5界面活性劑前處理之帶電濾材(SPFS)之微粒載負特性 116 4-5-1微粒載負量對SPFs微粒穿透率之影響 116 4-5-2 不同濃度SPFs之載負特性 120 4-5-3不同粒徑對SPFs微粒載負特性之影響 125 4-5-4不同風速對SPFs微粒載負特性之影響 130 4-5-5多粒徑分佈微粒對SPFs微粒載負特性之影響 135 4-6界面活性劑前處理之帶電濾材(SPFS)對生物氣膠之 過濾特性 137 4-6-1 SPFs對不同生物氣膠之穿透率 137 4-6-2 不同風速對SPFs過濾生物氣膠之影響 141 第五章 結論與建議 144 5-1 結論 144 5-1-1微粒在界面活性劑前處理濾材上之過濾特性 144 5-1-2微粒在界面活性劑前處理濾材上之載負特性 145 5-1-3 生物氣膠在SPF帶電濾材上之過濾特性 146 5-2 建議 146 符號說明 148 參考文獻 150 表目錄 表3-1 界面活性劑基本物化性質 50 表3-2 濾材特性 53 表4-1 濾材處理前後之纖維密度 67 表4-2 9種前處理濾材之表面電場 75 表4-3 9種前處理濾材之放置不同天數之表面電場 79 表4-4 SPF與市售靜電濾材之材料成本 108 表4-5 濾材之估算表面電場與表面電荷量 110 表4-6 庫倫力單一纖維效率回歸方程式 112 表4-7 介電力單一纖維效率回歸方程式 115 圖目錄 圖2-1、界面活性劑之分類 32 圖3-1、實驗流程圖 42 圖3-2、COLLISON ATOMIZER (MODEL 3076) 示意圖 43 圖3-3、未處理濾材之SEM圖 52 圖3-4、0.08M DDAB前處理濾材 52 圖3-5、0.08M SO前處理濾材 52 圖3-6、0.08M SDS前處理濾材 52 圖3-7、穿透率實驗系統圖 60 圖3-8、氣膠載負實驗系統圖 62 圖3-9、生物氣膠穿透率量測實驗系統圖 64 圖4-1、表面風速與壓降變化關係圖 66 圖4-2、 0.05 M DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效率 69 圖4-3、 0.05 M SO-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效率 70 圖4-4、 0.05 M SDS-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效率 71 圖4-5、 DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同濃度下之過濾效率 76 圖4-6、 SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同濃度下之過濾效率 77 圖4-7、 SDS-PRETREATED FILTER在不同濃度下之過濾效率 78 圖4-8、 0.05 M DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同電荷微粒下之穿透率 82 圖4-9、 0.05 M SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同電荷微粒下之穿透率 83 圖4-10、 0.05 M SDS-PRETREATED FILTER在不同電荷微粒下之穿透率 84 圖4-11、 不同表面風速下DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效率 86 圖4-12、 不同表面風速下0.05 M SO-PRETREATED FILTER之穿透率 87 圖4-13、 不同表面風速下0.05M SDS-PRETREATED FILTER之穿透率 88 圖4-14、比較油滴與固體氣膠微粒對0.05 M DDAB SPF過濾效率之影響 90 圖4-15、比較油滴與固體氣膠微粒對0.05 M SO SPF過濾效率之影響 91 圖4-16、比較油滴與固體氣膠微粒對0.05 M SDS SPF過濾效率之影響 92 圖4-17、 不同介電常數氣膠微粒對SPF過濾效率之影響 94 圖4-18、 不同介電常數氣膠微粒對SPF過濾效率之影響 95 圖4-19、 不同介電常數氣膠微粒對SPF過濾效率之影響 96 圖4-20、 不同相對濕度對SPF過濾效率之影響 98 圖4-21、 不同相對濕度對SPF過濾效率之影響 (0.05 M SO、0.1 M/S) 99 圖4-22、 不同相對濕度對SPF過濾效率之影響 (0.05 M SDS、0.1 M/S) 100 圖4-23、市售靜電濾材之穿透率 102 圖4-24、 DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效能 103 圖4-25、 SO-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效能 104 圖4-26、 SDS-PRETREATED FILTER之過濾效能 105 圖4-27、SPFS之庫倫力單一纖維效率與其無因次參數關係式。 113 圖4-28、SPFS之介電力單一纖維效率與其無因次參數關係式。 115 圖4-29、未處理濾材在不同微粒載負量下之穿透率與壓降變化 117 圖4-30、0.05 M DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同微粒載負量下之穿透率與壓降變化 118 圖4-31、0.05 M SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同微粒載負量下之穿透率與壓降變化 119 圖4-32、不同濃度DDAB-PRETREATED FILTERS在不同載負之穿透率變化 121 圖4-33、不同濃度DDAB-PRETREATED FILTERS在不同載負之壓降變化 122 圖4-34、不同濃度SO-PRETREATED FILTES在不同載負之穿透率變化 123 圖4-35、不同濃度SO-PRETREATED FILTERS在不同載負之壓降變化 124 圖4-36、粒徑對DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之穿透率變化 126 圖4-37、粒徑對DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之壓降變化 127 圖4-38、粒徑對SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之穿透率變化 128 圖4-39、粒徑對SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之壓降變化 129 圖4-40、風速對DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之穿透率變化 131 圖4-41、風速對DDAB-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負之壓降變化 132 圖4-42、風速對SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負量下之穿透率變化 133 圖4-43、風速對SO-PRETREATED FILTER在不同載負量下之壓降變化 134 圖4-44、0.05 SO-PRETREATED FILTER在使用多粒徑分佈氣膠(0.3 ΜM)下,不同載負量時穿透率與壓降之變化 136 圖4-45、E-COLI在測試濾材上之穿透率 139 圖4-46、CANDIDA FAMATA在測試濾材上之穿透率 140 圖4-47、不同風速對E-COLI在測試濾材上之穿透率之影響 142 圖4-48、不同風速對E-COLI在測試濾材上之穿透率之影響 143 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 帶電濾材對室內懸浮微粒去除效能之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Collection Efficiency of Indoor Suspended Particulates by Using the Electrostatic Charged Filters | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 93-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 李芝珊,蔡春進,李文智,羅金翔 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 帶電濾材,界面活性劑,穿透率,表面風速,介電常數,相對濕度,微粒載負,阻塞點,生物氣膠, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | electret,surfactant,aerosol penetration,face velocity,dielectric constant,relative humidity,aerosol loading,clogging point,bioaerosol, | en |
dc.relation.page | 162 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2005-07-06 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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