福山試驗林山蘇花物候之研究

Abstract

本研究自2003年6月至2004年10月間，於台灣北部低海拔福山闊葉林中，主觀選取生長狀況良好的山蘇花植株進行物候觀察，山蘇花的葉片型態主要分為營養葉與營養孢子葉兩種，結果發現山蘇花物候現象包含五個連續變化的時期，分別為萌芽期、展葉期、孢子成熟期、孢子發散期、枯萎期。 一年中萌芽期有兩次，一共調查到三次，分別發生於2003年夏秋季（7-10月）、2004年春季（3-4月）以及2004年夏秋季（7-9月），萌芽發生數量以春季為最，約為夏秋季的四倍。展葉期如同萌芽一般，一年中亦有兩次，分別在6-7月及10月至隔年1月；孢子成熟期則不若萌芽與展葉期一般明顯分為兩個時段，而是出現在一年中的4-7月，尤其集中在6-7月。孢子發散期則出現在一年中的6-8月，尤以8月為最高峰，如同孢子成熟的一般，此為兩不同時期萌芽經生長發育後卻於一年中同一時段進入發散期。 葉片枯萎自03年10月至04年10月觀察結束為止，各月份均零星出現，但因數量稀少，僅佔所有山蘇葉片的7%，整體而言尚未掌握明確的枯萎期。 另較特殊者，觀察到山蘇花葉片具休眠現象，2004年春季萌芽在2003年11月中始觀察到，葉芽仍受鱗片保護尚未萌發，但已有隆起現象，並以此休眠形式越冬後於2004年3-4月萌發。 調查結果發現，山蘇花植株叢徑大於22cm以上，具生成孢子能力之營養包子葉比例多接近100%，小於22cm者，則多為營養葉，顯示叢徑大小影響山蘇花植株產生孢子之能力；另外叢徑大小亦影響存活葉片數量的多寡。

This research is from June of 2003 to October of 2004, in Fushan broadleaf forest northern Taiwan, observe phenology of Asplenium antiquum Makino（Aspleniaceae）.The frond type divide into trophophyll and trophosporophyll, and the phenology including frond emergence, expansion, spore mature, spore release, senescence. One year emergence is it twice, investigate to 3 times altogether to have, happen in the 2003 (July - October), 2004 (March - April) and 2004 (July - September) separately, is it take place quantity regard spring as top is nearly the quadruple of summer-autumn to emergence. The expansion phase is like emergence generally, also have twice in one year, January every other year in June - July and October separately; The spore mature phase is not as good as and emergence generally obviously divide into two periods of the expansion phase in spore mature phase, appear April - July in one year , concentrate June - July on especially. The spore release phase and presents June - August in one year, regard August as the highest peak particularly, like spore mature being ripe and general, this emergences in the same period after growing but in one year and enters and releases one for two different periods. The senescence observed from October of 03 to October of 04, every month appear sporadicly , but because quantity rare, account for all fronds 7% , whole speech grasp clear withered issue yet. The another more special one, observe Asplenium antiquum Makino have dormancy phenomenon , emergence of November of 2003 starting to observe will it be spring 2004, the frond bud is still protected by the scale and has not sprouted yet, but already there is phenomenon of rising , and emergence in March - April of 2004 after surviving the winter in the form of this dormancy. Investigation result find when the rosette diameter of Asplenium antiquum Makino is greater than 22cm, the proportion of trophosporophyll（leaf of producing the ability of spores）is close to 100% more, who smaller than 22cm ,for trophophyll, show the rosette diameter sizes influence Asplenium antiquum Makino produce ability of spore more. The size of the rosette diameter also influences and survives the number of the quantity of the fronds in addition.