我國上市櫃金融業對金融商品揭露相關規定之遵循狀況研究

Abstract

鑑於金融商品市場蓬勃發展，交易日趨頻繁，企業不僅投資金融商品，也將其拿來作為避險、槓桿操作之工具；但隨著業務的多元化，企業面對的風險日益複雜，對於企業整體經營結果可能產生關鍵性的影響，其中金融業由於其特殊之行業特性，金融工具的使用比起其他行業更為重要且複雜，其資訊揭露的完整、真實且及時與透明度的要求亦更為提高。 本篇研究旨在探討國內上市上櫃金融業金融商品交易資訊揭露的情形，特別是對於我國財務會計準則公報第三十四號以及第三十六號關於金融商品資訊揭露與表達之規定的遵循情形。因此，本研究之目的分述如下：一、金融業遵行財務會計準則公報關於金融商品資訊揭露之情形。二、藉由金融業金融商品揭露之實況分析，提供主管機關制訂相關規範與投資人閱讀報表時的參考。 本研究係採用台灣股票上市上櫃之金融業中的14家金融控股公司、11家銀行業、11家證券公司，共36家公司為研究對象，蒐集其民國九十五年度之財務報告，將其金融商品交易資訊的相關訊息，包括相關風險資訊、公平價值資訊、會計政策、合約條款、損益及權益項目…等之揭露情形進行彙總與簡要的分析。 本研究的研究結果透露出我國上市上櫃金融業對於金融商品之公開資訊揭露的困境與缺失，整體揭露水準仍有改進空間，相對於金融商品交易的活絡，國內金融業對於我國財務會計準則公報第三十四號以及第三十六號關於金融商品資訊揭露與表達之規定的遵循情形，普遍不盡理想。資訊揭露遵循情況較差，有待加強的揭露項目如下： 1.揭露以評價方法估計公平價值變動時，因公平價值變動而認列為當期損益之金額。 2.用來估計公平價值所依據之假設，例如折現率的範圍。 3.是否有無活絡市場金融商品出售之事實、出售時之帳面金額及認列損益之金額。 4.複合金融商品之負債組成要素的有效利率。 5.金融資產各類別當期認列減損之原因及金額。 6.備供出售金融資產由業主權益調整項目轉列為當期損益之金額。 7.發生減損之金融資產利息收入金額。 8.分別揭露公平價值變動列入損益之金融資產及金融負債之淨利益或淨損失金額。 9.金融控股公司應以公司整體合併之觀點揭露該公司之財務風險資訊。 10.利率風險相關資訊。 11.避險會計之相關資訊。

With the booming development of derivative market, the trades of derivatives grow rapidly. The enterprises not only investment financial instruments but also uses financial instruments as levers. With diverse business, the enterprises face more complicate risk which have vital influence on corporate operation. The Finance Corporation, because of their special characteristics, their financial instruments trades are more complicated and important than any other industry, so the level of their information closure must be more complete, real, timing, and transparent. Because of the above reason, this study makes some investigations into the disclosure of derivatives trading information in the Bank, Securities Firms and Financial Holding Company industry to find out the condition of their disclosure, especially how they follow the rule of Taiwan’s SFAS No. 34 and No. 36. The goal of this investigation has two: one is to find out the condition of Financial Corporation’s disclosure, especially how they follow the rule of Taiwan’s SFAS; the other goal is by finding out the condition of Financial Corporation’s disclosure, making some advices for Financial Supervisory Commission and Accounting Research and Development Foundation to make rules. In this study, we first choose 14 Financial Holding Company Industries, 11 banks, 11 Securities Firms, which list on Taiwan Stock Exchange and Over the Counter as studying firms. We make some investigations into the financial statement of 2006, and make some category and analysis about the disclosure of financial instruments information, including risks, fair value, accounting policies, contents of the contracts and gains or losses. According to the virtual investigations, we find that the level of the disclosure about the financial instruments information in the banks, securities firms and financial holding company industries need to be improved. Compared with the booming of derivatives trades, the banks don’t obey the SFAS No. 34 and No. 36 very well. The condition of the disclosure needs to be enhanced and improved eagerly in the future. Some information which needs more attention and improved like: 1.The amount of estimating fair value changes as profit or loss when using valuation techniques to estimating fair value 2.The range of discounting rate to estimate fair value of financial instruments 3.The fact, book value and gains or loss of selling the derivatives that are not quoted in an active market. 4.The effective rate of the compound financial instruments. 5.The amount and the reason of impairment of all kinds financial asset 6.The amount transferring from equity adjusted to gains or losses of available- for-sale financial assets 7.Interests of impairment of financial assets. 8.The amount of gains or losses of changes in the fair value of financial assets and that of financial liabilities 9.Financial holding company industry should report their financial risk information through the viewpoint of the whole industry. 10.Interest rate risk information 11.Hedge accounting information