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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
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dc.contributor.advisor | 洪挺軒(Ting-Hsuan Hung) | |
dc.contributor.author | Yuan-Min Shen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 沈原民 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T15:43:33Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2008-07-07 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-07-07 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-07-03 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1 中央氣象局。2006。氣候資料年報第一部份地面資料。中央氣象局。台北。
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The lichens of British Columbia : illustrated keys part 2 - fruticose species Ministry of Forests, Research Program, Victoria, B.C. 33. Grube, M., Gutmann, B., Arup, U., de los Rios, A., Mattsson, J. E., and Wedin, M. 1999. An exceptional group-I intron-like insertion in the SSU rDNA of lichen mycobionts. Curr Genet 35 (5):536-541. 34. Grube, M., and Kroken, S. 2000. Molecular approaches and the concept of species and species complexes in lichenized fungi. Mycol Res 104:1284-1294. 35. Hale, M. E. 1969. How to know the lichens. W. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa,. 36. Halonen, P. 2000. Studies on the lichen genus Usnea in east Fennoscandia and Pacific North America. 37. Halonen, P., Clerc, P., Goward, T., Brodo, I. M., and Wulff, K. 1998. Synopsis of the genus Usnea (Lichenized ascomycetes) in British Columbia, Canada. Bryologist 101 (1):36-60. 38. Hasegawa, M., Kishino, H., and Yano, T. A. 1985. Dating of the human ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial-DNA. J Mol Evol 22 (2):160-174. 39. Herrera-Campos, M. A., Clerc, P., and Nash, T. H. 1998. Pendulous species of Usnea from the temperate forests in Mexico. Bryologist 101 (2):303-329. 40. Herrera-Campos, M. A., Nash, T. H., and Garcia, A. Z. 2001. Preliminary study of the Usnea fragilescens aggregate in Mexico. Bryologist 104 (2):235-259. 41. Huneck, S., and Yoshimura, I. 1996. Identification of lichen substances. Springer, Berlin ; New York. 42. Ingolfsdottir, K. 2002. Molecules of interest: usnic acid. Phytochemistry 61:729-736. 43. Kirk, P. M., Cannon, P. F., David, J. C., and Stalpers, J. A. 2001. Dictionary of the fungi CABI Pub., New York. 44. Kon, Y., Kashiwadani, H., Masada, M., and Tamura, G. 1993. Artificial syntheses of mycobionts of Usnea confusa ssp. kitamiensis and Usnea orientalis with their natural and non-natural phycobiont. J Jpn Bot 68:129-137. 45. ———. 1993. Effects of culture conditions on the growth of symbionts from Usnea confusa subsp. kitamiensis. J Jpn Bot 68:348-354. 46. Kornerup, A., and Wanscher, J. H. 1978. Methuen handbook of colour. E. Methuen, London. 47. Kranner, I., Beckett, R. P., and Varma, A. 2002. Protocols in lichenology : culturing, biochemistry, ecophysiology, and use in biomonitoring. Springer, Berlin ; New York. 48. LaGreca, S. 1999. A phylogenetic evaluation of the Ramalina americana chemotype complex (Lichenized Ascomycota, Ramalinaceae) based on rDNA ITS sequence data. Bryologist 102 (4):602-618. 49. Lilly, V. G., and Barnett, H. L.. 1951. Physiology of the fungi. Praeger Publishers, New York. 50. Lin, C.-K. 2007. The lichen genus Usnea at Meifeng, central Taiwan Coll and Res 20:1-7. 51. Marcano, V., Rodriguez-Alcocer, V., and Mendez, A. M. 1999. Occurrence of usnic acid in Usnea laevis Nylander (lichenized ascomycetes) from the Venezuelan Andes. J Ethnopharmacol 66 (3):343-346. 52. Motyka, J. 1936-1938. Lichenum generis Usnea studium monographicum. Pars Systematica. Leopoli. 53. Mueller, G. M., Bills, G. F., and Foster, M. S. 2004. Biodiversity of fungi : inventory and monitoring methods. Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam ; Boston. 54. Ohmura, Y. 2001. Taxonomic study of the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) in Japan and Taiwan. J Hattori Bot Lab (90):1-96. 55. ———. 2002. Phylogenetic evaluation of infrageneric groups of the genus Usnea based on its regions in rDNA. J Hattori Bot Lab (92):231-243. 56. Ohmura, Y., and Kanda, H. 2004. Taxonomic status of section Neuropogon in the genus Usnea elucidated morphological comparisons and ITS rDNA sequences. Lichenologist 36:217-225. 57. Ohmura, Y., and Kashiwadani, H. 2000. Usnea subfloridana Stirt. (Parmeliaceae) and its related species in Eastern Asia. J Jpn Bot 75 (3):164-177. 58. Ohmura, Y., Moon, K.-H., and Kashiwadani, H. 2000. Usnea fragilescens Lynge (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes), New to Japan. J Jpn Bot 75:303-307. 59. Otnyukova, T. 2007. Epiphytic lichen growth abnormalities and element concentrations as early indicators of forest decline. Environ Pollut 146 (2):359-365. 60. Purvis, W. 2000. Lichens. Smithsonian Institution Press in association with the Natural History Museum, London, Washington, D.C. 61. Quilhot, W., Pena, W., Flores, E., Hidalgo, M. E., Fernandez E., and Lllelighton, G. 1991. Temporal variation in usnic acid concentration in Usnea aurantiaco-ater (Jacq.), Bory. Ser Cient INACH 41:99-106. 62. Seymour, F. A., Crittenden, P. D., Wirtz, N., Ovstedal, D. O., Dyer, P. S., and Lumbsch, H. T. 2007. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Antarctic lichen forming Usnea species in the group Neuropogon. Antarct Sci 19 (1):71-82. 63. Stevens, G. N. 1999. A revision of the lichen family Usneaceae in Australia. J. Cramer, Berlin. 64. Stocker-Worgotter, E., and Elix, J. A. 2002. Secondary chemistry of cultured mycobionts: formation of a complete chemosyndrome by the lichen fungus of Lobaria spathulata. Lichenologist 34:351-359. 65. Stocker-Worgotter, E., Elix, J. A., and Grube, M. 2004. Secondary chemistry of lichen-forming fungi: Chemosyndromic variation and DNA-analyses of cultures and chemotypes in the Ramalina farinacea complex. Bryologist 107 (2):152-162. 66. Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., and Higgins, D. G. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25 (24):4876-4882. 67. Torra, T., and Randlane, T. 2007. The lichen genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) in Estonia with a key to the species in the Baltic countries. Lichenologist 39:415-438. 68. Wei, J.-C. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China International Academic Publishers, Beijing. 69. Wei, J.-C., and Yu-Mei, J. 1986. Lichens of Xizang. Science Press, Beijing. 70. Wirtz, N., Printzen, C., Sancho, L. G., and Lumbsch, H. T. 2006. The phylogeny and classification of Neuropogon and Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) revisited. Taxon 55 (2):367-376. 71. Yamamoto, Y., Mizuguchi, R., Takayama, S., and Yamada, Y. 1987. Effects of culture conditions on the growth of Usneaceae lichen tissue-cultures. Plant Cell Physiol 28 (8):1421-1426. 72. Yang, W. J.-R., and Lai, M.-J. 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan. Taiwania 18 (1):83-104. 73. ———. 1976. Additions and correction to the lichen flora of Taiwan. Taiwania 21 (2):226-228. 74. Yao, C.-T., Ai, T.-L. A., and Huang, H.-C. 2002. Breeding habit of the pygmy wren babbler Pnoepyga pusilla in the Zueyenshi major wildlife habitat in central Taiwan. Endem Species Res 4 (1):87-95. 75. Yoshimura, I. 1974. Lichen flora of Japan in color. Hoikusha, Osaka. 76. Yoshimura, I., Kinoshita, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Huneck, S., and Yamada, Y. 1994. Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Lichen by High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography with a Photodiode-Array Detector. Phytochem Analysis 5 (4):197-205. 77. Yoshimura, I., Yamamoto, Y., Nakano, T., and Finnie, J. 2002. Isolation and culture of lichen photobionts and mycobionts. Pages 3-33 in: Protocols in lichenology : culturing, biochemistry, ecophysiology, and use in biomonitoring Springer, Berlin ; New York. 78. Zahlbruckner, A. 1930. Catalogus Lichenum universalis. Johnson Reprint, New York. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/37782 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本文研究台灣地區的松蘿屬地衣,依形態、化學、培養、分子分析探討松蘿的分類學與生物學。自 2006 到 2008 年於中央山脈、雪山山脈、玉山山脈、阿里山山脈、海岸山脈,超過 300 筆採集紀錄中,共區分出 22 個物種,分別為 Usnea aciculifera、U. baileyi、U. bismolliuscula、U. ceratina、U. cornuta、U. diffracta、U. fragilescens、U. glabrata、U. himalayana、U. longissima、U. malmei、U. masudana、U. nidifica、U. orientalis、U. pangiana、U. pectinata、U. pseudogatai、U. rubicunda、U. rubrotincta、U. shimadai、U. sinensis、U. trichodeoides。經由高效液相層析 (high performance liquid chromatography; HPLC) 分析,發現 40 種以上不同的地衣化學物質,瞭解松蘿的化學組成有助於鑑定與分類。另外,U. longissima 在本研究的所有物種中,松蘿酸含量最高 (3.31%)。培養 U. orientalis 以 20℃ 生長最佳 (1.14-1.87 mm /月)、在洋菜膠濃度 4% 的生長速率大於 2%、添加松蘿酸不影響 U. orientalis 的生長。分析松蘿核糖體的 ITS (internal transcribed spacer) 核酸序列,支持將 U. rubicunda 與 U. rubrotincta 劃分為兩個不同的物種;Usnea himalayana 與 U. nidifica 由於序列相似度高並發現形態中間型,可以歸為同一個物種;而 U. orientalis-U. pygmoidea 可能是採用有性生殖及無性生殖策略之地衣物種對 (species pairs)。松蘿最常附生於松科植物上 (22%),其次為薔薇科 (15%) 與樺木科 (12%)。台灣地區松蘿的海拔分佈範圍界於 800 至 3400 m,其中 U. himalayana、U. longissima、U. trichodeoides 屬於高海拔物種,U. baileyi、U. bismolliuscula、U. pectinata、U. rubicunda、U. rubrotincta 屬於低海拔物種。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Taxonomy and biology of the lichen genus Usnea in Taiwan were studied based on morphological, chemical, cultural traits, and molecular analyses. We studied over 300 specimens collected from the Central Mountain Range, Snow Mountain Range, Jade Mountain Range, Ali Mountain Range and Coastal Mountain Range from 2006 to 2008. Twenty-two species were recognized, including U. aciculifera, U. baileyi, U. bismolliuscula, U. ceratina, U. cornuta, U. diffracta, U. fragilescens, U. glabrata, U. himalayana, U. longissima, U. malmei, U. masudana, U. nidifica, U. orientalis, U. pangiana, U. pectinata, U. pseudogatai, U. rubicunda, U. rubrotincta, U. shimadai, U. sinensis, and U. trichodeoides. More than 40 lichen substances were found by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chemical constitutions supported the identification of Usnea species. It was found that U. longissima had the highest usnic acid contents (3.31%). In cultural studies, the best temperature for the growth of U. orientalis was 20℃ (1.14-1.87 mm / month), and it grew better on 4% agar than on 2% agar. Adding usnic acid to the cultural media did not affect the growth of U. orientalis. Molecular analyses based on sequences of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) of ribosomal RNA genes supported the separation of U. rubicunda and U. rubrotincta. Usnea himalayana and U. nidifica could be considered conspecific due to the fact that their intermediate forms exist among our collections and that their DNA sequences were highly similar. The results also showed that U. orientalis-U. pygmoidea probably represent species pairs of teleomorph-anamorphs connection. Usnea species in Taiwan frequently grow on plants of Pinaceae (22%), Rosaceae (15%) and Betulaceae (12%). Their altitudinal distribution was within the range 800-3400 m. Usnea himalayana, U. longissima, and U. trichodeoides are distributed at higher elevations, whereas U. baileyi, U. bismolliuscula, U. pectinata, U. rubicunda, and U. rubrotincta are at lower elevations. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T15:43:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-R95633010-1.pdf: 5297616 bytes, checksum: cecf5b8c3078c5659fdd07d3166160ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝辭 I
中文摘要 II 英文摘要 III 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 地衣與松蘿 1 1.2 台灣松蘿之研究 2 1.3 松蘿之特徵與分類 3 第二章 材料與方法 6 2.1 標本取樣與資料管理 6 2.2 形態分類 7 2.3 化學分析 7 2.4 培養研究 10 2.5 ITS序列分析 11 2.6 生態學資料分析 15 第三章 結果 16 3.1 形態特徵 16 3.2 物種分類 21 3.3 地衣化學物質 81 3.4 培養結果 82 3.5 分子分析 82 3.6 生態學調查 83 第四章 討論 84 第五章 參考文獻 91 第六章 附錄 101 6.1 藥品與培養基 101 6.2 松蘿特徵描述記錄表 105 6.3 台灣地區松蘿物種列表 106 6.4 圖 107 6.5 表 160 6.6 松蘿在中華文化與台灣的故事 168 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 台灣地區松蘿屬地衣之分類 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Taxonomy of the Lichen Genus Usnea in Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 朱宇敏,張和喜,陳啟予 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 松蘿,地衣,地衣化學物質,培養,分類學,譜系,生態學, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Usnea,lichens,lichen substances,culture,taxonomy,phylogeny,ecology, | en |
dc.relation.page | 169 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-07-03 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物病理與微生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 植物病理與微生物學系 |
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