應用綠建築評估技術於農場轉型之生態環境探討 － 以安康農場為例

Abstract

休閒農業是結合農業與休閒的一種產業，隨著台灣經濟環境與產業結構的改變，農業由生產導向轉為提供開闊空間、景觀綠化等非經濟功能。目前我國休閒農業輔導與管理政策未對休閒農場的環境規劃作切確的規範，對於休閒農場的實質環境評估方法之探討也少有著墨。因此，本研究以台灣大學安康農場為農場轉型案例，根據綠建築評估技術中生物多樣性、綠化量、基地保水等指標，探討農場轉型過程中其原有與新建部分在環境評估模式的適用性。 安康農場擁有廣闊的綠地面積及較低的建蔽率，故在生物多樣性、綠化量及基地保水等三個生態指標方面就具有先天上的優勢。本研究所採用的環境評估模式，原有農場係依照「綠建築評估手冊2007年更新版」之田野調查法，建立屬於農場綠建築的簡易查核表；新建農場則是分別依據台灣與美國建築評估技術進行基礎理論比較與分析，藉此比較兩國評估技術之差異性和共通點，並作為後續實證評估工具之依據準則。 本研究應用環境評估模式於台大安康農場轉型案例中的研究結果，如下所述： 1.原有農場之綠建築簡易查核表中，生物多樣性為10分(範圍0~13分)、綠化量為6分(範圍0~9分)、基地保水為6分(範圍0~10分)。 2.台灣綠建築評估技術評估新建農場的生物多樣性為84分(基準值為70分)、綠化量約為42000公噸(基準值為41592公噸)、基地保水為2.27(基準值為0.32)；美國綠建築評估技術評估新建農場得分為6分(範圍0~14分)。 3.兩國評估技術比較結論顯示，定性方面：台灣綠建築評估範圍以基地內環境為主，美國則是包含基地內外環境；定量方面：美國綠建築在生態部分著墨較少佔總分的12％，反觀台灣卻佔總分的27％。 4.本研究顯示原有與新建農場不僅可藉由綠建築評估技術得到適切的改善，更能有效提升其實質環境，足以呈現實證案例為台灣優良綠建築作品。

The leisure agriculture is an industry combined agriculture with leisure. Due to the change of economical environments and structural properties in Taiwan, agriculture was turned a leading production into non-economical functions which supply a wide space, landscape greening, etc. For the time being, not only the environmental planning of leisure agriculture has not been specifically marked out by the agricultural guidance and the government policy, but also the essential environmental assessment of leisure agriculture has had less conferred in Taiwan. For a case study of the farming transformation in An-kang Farm, National Taiwan University, this aimed study is that the parts of former farm are conferred with that of later farm on the usability of environmental assessment model during the transformation processes of farm via the indexes of the evaluation technology of the green building. Having a wide greening areas and low building coverage ratio in An-kang Farm had congenital advantageous positions on the ecological indexes, such as Biodiversity Index, Greenery Index and Water Retention Index. The environmental assessment model applied to this study was followed described below. The simple check tables of farm green building were constructed by the field investigation method of green building assessment manuals (2007) in the former farm. On the other hand, the parts of later farm were compared and analyzed in the basic theory via using evaluation technology of the green building in Taiwan and USA, respectively, in order to understand the different and common points of the evaluation technology between two countries and further be criteria for the tools of the practical evaluation. This study applied the environmental assessment model in a case study of the farming transformation of An-kang Farm, which results were described below as: 1.The former farm scores of Biodiversity Index (ranged from 0-13), Greenery Index (ranged from 0-9) and Water Retention Index (ranged from 0-10) had separately 10th-grade, 6th-grade and 6th-grade in the simple check tables of farm green building. 2.The later farm scores of Biodiversity Index (criterion value is 70), Greenery Index (criterion value is 41592 tones) and Water Retention Index (criterion value is 0.32) were measured about 84, 42000 tones and 2.27, respectively, via using evaluation technology of the green building in Taiwan; on the other hand, the total score was only about 6th-grade via using that in USA (ranged from 0-14). 3.The compared results of the study between countries indicated that the majority of the evaluation technology of the green building was focused on the inner base in Taiwan and oppositely included both inner and outer base in USA under the qualitative items. Concerning ecological parts was only about 12% of the green building in USA, but approximately about 27% in Taiwan under quantitative items. 4.The results of the study also revealed that not only the suitable technology was improved but also the practical environment was effectively reformed via using the design and beneficial evaluation of the green building between the change of the former and later farm, An-kang Farm, which also be an excellent example of green building in Taiwan.