道路建設造成景觀格局變遷之研究

Abstract

台灣地區的自然環境具有細膩而多樣化的特色，同時也深具敏感性。線性道路開發造成景觀破碎化 (fragmentation) 的情形最為嚴重，表現在自然生態系統的斷裂、人文系統的斷裂以及視覺景觀的不連續；不僅對生物棲地有嚴重的影響，同時也影響人類的生活環境品質。 本研究嘗試藉由地景結構之變遷，並以地理資訊系統為輔助分析工具，探討道路開發對地景結構及景觀美質的影響；期望於道路拓寬改善時導入「生態補償」觀念，賦予環境修復的機會，這是當前推動道路建設時應納入的新思維。 研究目的包括： （一）探討道路建設對地景結構的改變，瞭解地景結構類型及地景破碎化程度。 （二）檢討現有路網系統對景觀格局產生的衝擊及景觀美質的影響。 （三）藉道路改善機會，研擬道路系統如何兼顧環境生態之發展對策，落實整體環境的永續發展理念。 文獻回顧包括：台灣道路建設現況及環境生態相關法令、地景生態學、道路生態學、應用GIS結合地景生態學理論概念之相關研究、景觀生態審美及道路景觀美質評估為閱讀重點。 依據本研究的內容與目的，以文獻蒐集與歸納分析之方式，建立理論概念與分析架構，研提相關的研究設計與分析方法。案例研究操作方法概分為地理資訊系統之應用、景觀空間格局分析及景觀美質評估三大部份。 案例研究取國道二號從機場系統交流道以東至鶯歌系統交流道以西之二側各2.5公里為範圍，收集研究區民國76年及92年1�5000之像片基本圖，掃瞄製作成基本圖，經校正為TWD97座標系統；應用Arc Map電腦軟體，配合文獻蒐集與田野調查，依土地使用類型分類，進行基本圖的數化、疊圖、面積計算、景觀格局特徵比對及地景指數計算，最後針對地景結構分析的結果，探討道路建設前後之變遷趨勢，進而研擬道路系統如何兼顧環境生態之發展對策。

The natural environment of Taiwan is as delicate as it is multifaceted, yet also very sensitive. Linear road construction and development brings the most serious fragmentation to landscapes demonstrated in the breakup in ecological and humane systems, as well as the discontinuity in visual landscapes. This act not only brings severe impact on biological habitats but also on the environmental quality of human living. This study attempts to explore the impact of road development on landscape ecology through the alterations to landscape structures with the help of geographical information systems as the analytical tool. It is the hope of the study that the concept of “ecological compensation” can be introduced into road widening and improvement projects, such that the environment may be able to repair and replenish itself. The purposes of the study are as follows: I.Explore the alterations that road construction has brought to landscape structures; understand different types of landscape structure, and the level of fragmentation on landscapes. II.Explore the impact of the current road networking system on the patterns of landscape space. III.Introduce the concept of “ecological compensation” into road improvement, and study on strategies of how the consideration on ecology and environment can be incorporated into road construction, to further implement the idea of “no-net-loss”. The research area for the case study is the surrounding area of National Highway No. 2 (the route between National Highways No. 1 and 3) located at the border of Taoyuan and Taipei Counties and is originally of village landscape. Initial evaluation shows that the landscape structure is apparently fragmented and homogenized because of the construction of National Highway No. 2. A widening project on the highway is in the preparation stage due to its saturated traffic volume. This study analyzes the pre-developmental landscape structure of the section as a precursor to the planning of future improvement projects, as well as a means to introduce the concept of “ecological compensation” such that the environment may repair and replenish itself through improving the level of connection amongst fragmented landscape.