偵查不公開原則VS.媒體報導：以南迴鐵路列車出軌命案為例

Abstract

民國95年發生的「南迴鐵路列車出軌命案」，曾造成社會的震撼。在媒體長達數個月密集、瘋狂的報導下，使得原本平靜的台東小鎮掀起了一片「泰安休息站」熱潮。 值得注意的是，在這個案件的偵查過程中，媒體報導上出現大量的偵查訊息。這不禁令人困惑了：既然偵查過程原則不能公開，為什麼媒體上仍會出現這麼多偵查訊息？我們常常聽到的「偵查不公開」實際上是如何運作的？ 而這些媒體報導上的訊息究竟又是如何產生的呢？ 本篇報導首先對「南迴鐵路列車出軌命案」的案情做完整的描述；其次，探討「偵查不公開原則」跟「新聞自由」之間的關係，藉此釐清本文研究主題「媒體報導」和「偵查不公開」間的界線。再來，便開始討論本文的重心：「媒體報導中的偵查訊息究竟是哪裡來的？」為了回答這個問題，筆者實地走訪台東、屏東、高雄，與本案相關人士當面訪談，試圖將媒體上這些偵查訊息逐一的還原，了解「偵查不公開原則」與「媒體報導」幕後真實的運作過程。最後，本篇報導將討論目前實務上偵查不公開原則的運作方式，並對台灣新聞記者所面臨的問題提出觀察與思考的方向。

In 2006, the murder case of the South Link railway train derailment shocked the society. Under the media’s intense and chasing coverage, the former quite little town of Taitung became the famous “Taian Rest Area.” Surprisingly, as the case underwent investigation, the media was able to reveal much investigatory details to the public. It is puzzling that if the general principle that many relevant information should remain undisclosed until the investigation closes stands, how is it possible for journalists to expose so much secret in detail? How does the “Principle Secret Investigation” function in actuality? How does the media attain the threads and information for their coverage, if the access to the details discovered throughout investigation is protected? This paper begins with a close description of the murder case of the South Link railway train derailment. Secondly, this paper aims to explore the relationship between the “Principle of Secret Investigation” and “press freedom”, and consequently to decipher the fine line between “media coverage” and “information disclosed by the investigating agency. ” Next, the paper focuses on its central question: “Where does the media attain the details of investigation?” To seek possible answers to this question, I traveled to Taitung, Pingtung, and Kaoshiung to meet and interview persons related to this case to restore the story prior to media presentation, and to understand the actual practice of the “Principle of Secret Investigation” and “media coverage.” This paper will conclude with a discussion on the present status of the practical functions of the principle of secret investigation and offer observations and perspectives on certain problems Taiwan journalists facing.