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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 理學院
  3. 大氣科學系
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/36836
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor柯文雄
dc.contributor.authorChuan-Te Yangen
dc.contributor.author楊川德zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-13T08:18:26Z-
dc.date.available2005-07-26
dc.date.copyright2005-07-26
dc.date.issued2005
dc.date.submitted2005-07-19
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/36836-
dc.description.abstract本研究以NASA GMAO(Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office) AGCM與MODIS衛星所觀測的懸浮微粒輻射參數資料模擬與探討懸浮微粒直接輻射效應對於地球氣候上的影響。實驗方法是將AGCM分別積分兩次,第一次為純粹AMIP提供氣候值平均海溫的控制組。第二次為先計算出懸浮微粒觀測資料在大氣層頂,大氣中與地表的直接輻射效應大小,再將以此為外作用力放入AGCM中為實驗組,兩次都同樣積分37年,探討並比較在模式中有無懸浮微粒時對於氣候的改變。
一般而言,懸浮微粒直接輻射效應透過吸收和反射太陽輻射影響地球與大氣系統的能量收支。經由模式計算出全球全年懸浮微粒輻射效應在大氣層頂,大氣中,地表的大小分別為-3.7Wm-2、1.5Wm-2、-5.4Wm-2,與Ramanathan et al.(2001)所計算的懸浮微粒輻射效應大小(大氣層頂:0.2∼0.5Wm-2,大氣中:2∼4 Wm-2,地表:-2∼-4Wm-2)相比在本研究模擬中的冷卻效應較強烈。
在對氣候的影響上,模式中實驗組到達地表的太陽短波較控制組減少了4%,而地表溫度因太陽短波的減少下降了0.29°K,由於到達地表的太陽短波減少,使得地表向上潛熱與可感熱通量減少了4%與10%。在夏季懸浮微粒輻射效應較強的亞洲夏季季風地區,雨量的減少十分明顯,與Chou et al.(submitted)提出因懸浮微粒輻射效應的區域影響造成對流區雨量的減少十分一致。在懸浮微粒輻射效應非常微弱的ITCZ也出現了雨量遷移的現象,Wang(2004)針對Black Carbon對於氣候上的影響也發現了此現象。
針對亞洲夏季季風方面,從MODIS衛星資料得知北半球夏天的陸地上有著很高的懸浮微粒分佈,其直接輻射效應也必定對於亞洲季風的環流場與降雨有所影響,因此藉由NASA GMAO AGCM模式探討懸浮微粒直接輻射效應對亞洲夏季季風區的影響。在模擬中夏季,亞洲大陸地表因懸浮微粒直接輻射效應的冷卻作用造成大陸上熱力低壓減弱,也讓從亞洲南部到東亞的西南季風都為減弱現象。而太平洋副高也因為陸地上的冷卻效應間接受到影響而減弱。此種季風的變化也造成了亞洲南部氣候上的改變,但是因為亞洲南部夏季季風區為中尺度與大尺度系統交互作用區域,因此情況較為複雜。此外利用機率密度函數發現在東亞與印度西部的極端大雨機率變高。在實際觀測上,Luo et al.(2001)發現了懸浮微粒在1970年之後有突然增加的趨勢,而Xu Qun(2001)也發現中國大陸的入射短波也在1977年之後有減少的現象。透過ERA40的氣壓資料我們也發現了有類似懸浮微粒直接輻射效應所造成陸地上氣壓上升現象在此年代間產生,但在1975年代附近有一氣候上的突變存在,因此我們只能說懸浮微粒直接輻射效應在70年代間氣候上的突變有一部分的影響。
zh_TW
dc.description.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T08:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005
en
dc.description.tableofcontents目錄
摘要 I
致謝 II
目錄 III
圖表說明 IV
第一章、 前言
1.1 懸浮微粒種類 01
1.2 懸浮微粒直接輻射效應 04
1.3 懸浮微粒間接輻射效應 05
1.4 懸浮微粒輻射效應對氣候上的影響 06
第二章、 使用資料與NASA GMAO AGCM模式介紹
2.1 模式介紹 09
2.2 MODIS衛星懸浮微粒資料簡介 10
2.2.1 懸浮微粒全年分佈狀況 10
2.3 觀測資料 11
第三章、 1-D RTM對ARF敏感度測試
3.1 敏感度測試 14
3.2 小結 17
第四章、 模擬懸浮微粒直接效應對氣候上影響之分析
4.1 NASA GMAO AGCM亞洲區域夏季平均之模擬概況 18
4.2 懸浮微粒作用力 19
4.3 夏季全球氣候上的影響
4.3.1 溫度場 20
4.3.2 雨量,對流層濕度 22
4.3.3 大尺度環流場 23
4.4 亞洲夏季季風
4.4.1 動力場、雨量場 24
4.4.2 雨帶經向移動之探討 26
4.4.3 雲輻射 27
4.4.4 雨量極端事件 27
4.5 實際觀測資料分析 28
4.6 小結 30
第五章、 結論與討論 32
參考文獻 35
附錄A、B、C 41
附表與附圖 45
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subject亞洲夏季季風zh_TW
dc.subject懸浮微粒直接輻射效應zh_TW
dc.subjectAerosol radiative forcingen
dc.subjectAsian summer monsoonen
dc.title懸浮微粒輻射效應對亞洲夏季季風影響—NASA GMAO AGCM模擬zh_TW
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear93-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.coadvisor周明達,許晃雄
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee周佳,陳正平
dc.subject.keyword懸浮微粒直接輻射效應,亞洲夏季季風,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordAerosol radiative forcing,Asian summer monsoon,en
dc.relation.page91
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2005-07-19
dc.contributor.author-college理學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept大氣科學研究所zh_TW
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