南、北勢溪對大台北區域供水現況之物質流研究

Abstract

臺灣平均年降雨量雖然達2510公釐，但是因為不均勻的降雨時間與空間，降雨被利用的比率僅為15%，加上臺灣人口密度高，平均每人每年能分配到的降雨量僅約4500立方公尺，使得我國成為世界排名第十八的缺水國家；近年來用水量不斷增加，開發新水源亦面臨問題，因此如何永續利用水資源是推動永續發展所必須考量的議題。本研究目的在為建立大台北區域由取水、淨水、配水以至於用水階段，水資源之可能流向與流量，以民國九十二年斷年資料為準。據此物質流分析結果進而對大台北供水及用水效率課題提出相關建議。 本研究結果：2003年由北南勢溪取水共963,635,207立方公尺，經淨水程序後供給大台北區域945,933,191立方公尺，其中849,435,936立方公尺供應台北市自來水事業處用戶、23,543,946支援台灣省自來水公司第一區處（台北縣北部及基隆市）用戶、72,953,309立方公尺支援台灣省自來水公司第十二區管管理處（台北縣南部）用戶。 台灣省自來水公司第一區處供水量共167,904,140立方公尺（含台北市自來水事業處支援水量），其中售水量（註一）為75,193,841立方公尺、無費水量（註二）為75,193,841立方公尺；台灣省自來水公司第十二區管理處供水量共318,933,472立方公尺（含台北市自來水事業處支援水量），其中售水量為214,007,820力方公尺、無費水量為104,925,652立方公尺；台北市自來水事業處售水量為479,253,394立方公尺、無費水量為370,182,542立方公尺。

The mean precipitation in Taiwan is 2,510 mm annually. Due to uneven distribution in time and space, the effective usage rate of precipitation is down to 15%. Because of the high population density, Taiwan has become the 18th droughty country in the world. The objective of this research is to establish the water resource flow path of Taipei Metropolitan Area. The database of 2003 was employed and the Material Flow Analysis was applied in the study. Based on the results, the total amounts of water collected from Nan-shih and Bei-shih River were about 963,635,207 m3. After the treatment processes, 945,933,191 m3 were supplied to the Taipei Metropolitan Area, including 849,435,936 m3 to the Taipei Water District of Taipei city, 23,543,946 m3 to the 1st area of Taiwan Water Corporation (northern Taipei County and Keelung City), and 72,953,309 m3 to the 12th area of Taiwan Water Corporation(southern Taipei County ). The water distributed from the 1st area of Taiwan Water Corporation was 167,904,140 m3 (including the supplication from the Taipei Water District), whereas the quantity of water sold was 75,193,841 m3. Overall, the unaccounted-for water was 75,193,841 m3. Similarly, the water distributed from the 12th area of Taiwan Water Corporation was 318,933,472 m3 (including the supplication from the Taipei Water District), whereas the quantity of water sold was 214,007,820 m3. The unaccounted-for water was 104,925,652 m3. The water distributed from the Taipei Water District was 479,253,394 m3 (including the supplication from the Taipei Water District), whereas the quantity of water sold was 479,253,394 m3. The unaccounted-for water was 370,182,542 m3.