大學實驗型教學校舍生命週期成本分析－著重營運維護管理階段

Abstract

國立大學院校自2000年已全面實施校務基金制度，行政院亦於2002年取消房屋建築修繕費之共同費用標準，為使自籌經費有效運用，大學校舍生命週期成本分析是刻不容緩的議題，俾能以最合理的制度與經費，維持校舍的品質，達到滿足教學需求及經濟效益；基於以上理念，藉以瞭解現行營繕制度下之校舍生命週期成本狀況是如何，又需如何改善營繕體制才能維持一好的教學環境，是本研究探討的課題。 本研究期望能建置校舍生命週期成本管理初步架構，透過「研究型大學實驗教學校舍」個案之資料蒐集、現況瞭解，建立本土化生命週期成本分析，找出各階段成本之問題徵結並提出對策。本研究主要成果如下： 1.國內研究型大學校舍生命週期成本分析：運用個案40餘年的歷史營繕資料紀錄、現況瞭解及訪談調查，搭配合理的假設推估建置單一大學實驗型教學校舍完整生命週期成本之深入探討，包括規劃、建造（含設計及施工）、營運維護及拆除回收等各階段成本分析，其中規劃階段成本0.12%較所有國外研究低一半以上、營運維護管理階段成本佔了全生命週期成本近3/4，水電費亦佔整個生命週期成本近一半，此費用均較國外案例來的高，值得有計畫的投入經費進行規劃及維護修繕更新，以達節能之效；另營運維護階段之大型修繕更新費用以建築軀體所占比例58%最高，又興建26至30年區間因隔局變動及設備面臨更新致支出成本最高。（以上成本分析不含括人事費用）。 2. 本研究透過大學營繕制度的瞭解及實際大學校舍生命週期成本分析，參考現行法令制度，建立大學校舍規劃、建造（含傳統及統包方式）、營運維護及拆除回收等各階段生命週期成本管理流程，並列明相關成本項目、費用及法令依據，建構適合學校營繕部門執行之生命週期成本管理初步架構，進而落實於大學院校營繕部門；尤其著重於營運維護階段，建議以5年為週期檢討經費執行，茲建立「校舍維修評估表」，藉由診斷、統計及管控，使校舍除了設備更新外，亦能配合教學發展、人數成長、時代性需求等進行改良，以達永續發展的境界；其立意為學校預算檢討時，供決策者作為經費分配評估的參考。

National colleges and universities have comprehensively implemented the school service fund system since 2000. The Executive Yuan also cancel the standard expense of the house construction restoration in 2002. In order to case self-provide funds to have effective utilization, the analysis on life cycle cost of college buildings is the urgent subject. With the most reasonable system and funds, we may maintain the quality of the school buildings, meet the teaching need and the economic efficiency, under the based on the above idea, we will understand repairing system, how the condition of school building, and how to improve to be able to maintain a good teaching environment. These are the main topics of this research. We expect this research the preliminary fracture of the school life cycle cost management. Through “the research of university teaching school building” material collection and present situation, we establish the localization life cycle cost analysis, discover question of the cost of various stages and propose the countermeasure. The main achievements of this research are as follows: 1. Domestic research on university school building life-cycle cost analysis: Using the material record and the document which are more than 40 years, present situation understanding and interview investigation, matching with the reasonable supposition; we may establish the complete life cost of single university experiment teaching school building. Including various stages cost analysis of the plan, the construction (contains design and construction), operation maintenance and the demolition recycling and so on, 0.12% pf planning stage cost is comparatively lower than all overseas research by the half. Business maintenance stage cost has accounted for nearly 3/4 of the entire life cycle cost. The water and electricity charges also account for entire life cycle cost nearly one half; this expense is comparatively higher than overseas cases. It is worth having the plan invested with funds to the plan and the maintenance restoration in order to reach the effect of energy conservation. Moreover, in the business maintenance stage, the body construction accounts for 58% the highest proportion. Also, the cost of 26 to 30 years, because of the change of compartments and the equipment renewal, is the highest. ( The cost analysis above does not contain personnel expense) 2. Through university repairing system and the actual life-cycle cost analysis on schooling buildings and referring to decreed system. Establishment of university school building, (contains traditional and a series of contracts), various stages of life cycle cost management flow of business maintenance and demolition recycling, and a list of the related cost, the expense and the law basis, we construct the preliminary fracture to suit the school repair of life-cycle cost management. It may be realized by the repairing department of colleges and universities, especially on the business maintenance stage. Suggest that take 5 years as periodical self-criticism funds execution in order to establish “school building service appraisal table”. By using the table we may diagnosis, statistics and control the situation of school buildings to renew the equipment in time. We also coordinate the teaching development, the population the time demand to carry on the improvement in order to reach the continuous development. The purpose is that when the school budget is undergoing, policy-maker may be given a reference to distribute the funds.