第一階段社區林業計畫的建構與想像—2002-2004年

Abstract

本文目的旨在瞭解三年來第一階段社區林業計畫的操作模式及相關行動者對其之建構與想像。是故本研究以第一階段社區林業計畫案為經，行動者的訪談脈絡為緯，分別以內容分析及論述分析進行分析。本研究發現，國內社區林業是國家政策主導下之產物。林務單位藉由第一階段社區林業計畫的推動以建立、改善其與在地社區（特別是原住民部落）的關係。其次則是透過活動的辦理，進行社區林業理念宣導及社區人才培育並適時導入生物多樣性保育觀念。是故三年來第一階段社區林業計畫案是以教育訓練相關的計畫案為最多，而研習的課程又以生態保育為大宗。林務局在第一階段社區林業計畫的操作與取向上不僅是以保育為核心，其更是企圖透過此計畫發展生態產業以活絡地方經濟，創造林業經營管理與社區發展雙贏；而多數社區的參與動機亦是為了藉此計畫發展生態旅遊或是觀光產業以促進社區發展。然而林務局在第一階段社區林業計畫操作過程中因過於強調經由生態保育維護社區生態資源以發展生態旅遊或是觀光產業的經濟誘因，而遭到部分專家學者質疑其不僅偏離了社區參與及培力的目標，亦導致社區林業計畫的訴求單一化。故林務局宜以整體觀點來操作社區林業計畫，將社區參與放置於自然資源管理的層次與框架上去思考與實踐；在操作上與林業經營管理的需求結合應更為緊密，從體制面來思考與操作，或許較不會陷入第一階段社區林業計畫幾乎都是集中於保育、育樂的盲點。

The main purposes of this thesis were to study the construction and imagination for the First Stage of the Community Forestry Program (1st CFP) from year 2002 to 2004. It has revealed that community forestry was an outcome under the national policy. Forestry Bureau (FB) utilizes the 1st CFP to improve relationship and build up partnership among local communities, especially the indigenous tribes. Secondly, empowering local people and enhancing the concept of biodiversity conservation through education and training programs. Besides that, FB also attempted to develop eco-tourism or tourism to create double wins between forestry management and community development through this program. In reality, most of the communities’ participation motives focus solely on the development of eco-tourism or tourism, wishing to gain profits and promote community’s economy. However, over emphasized on eco-tourism and economical cause had made it lapse from the initial objectives of the 1st CFP, especially in empowering local communities and communities participate in forestry management.