植物工廠環境與養液灌溉監控物聯網之建置

Abstract

本研究旨在建立一套適用於植物工廠內作物栽培之環境與養液監控物聯網系統，系統涉及之硬體包含個人電腦、PICNIC（Programmable Interface Controller with Network Interface Card）、無線基地台、溫度與濕度感測器、二氧化碳感測器、酸鹼度感測器、導電度感測器、荷重元、加濕機、二氧化碳電磁閥與鋼瓶、人工光源以及蠕動泵等。各項感測器透過PICNIC及無線基地台與個人電腦進行無線的數據傳輸與上網，具備物聯網（Internet of Things）之功能。系統之軟體可分成主程式與網頁系統兩部分，主程式主要是作為與PICNIC連接，負責量測數據的擷取、上傳至網頁系統、執行各項設備的控制動作及與網頁系統的同步作業。由於網頁系統旨在提供人機介面，允許使用者透過網路連線來瀏覽與操作整套系統，當使用者對控制策略或各項設定值有做修改時，需要與主程式維持相同設定，此即為同步作業。 系統目前運作於本系的伺服器上，負責針對分散在三個地點的七間植物工廠進行量測與監控。除了具備前述的監測功能之外，亦能有效控制水耕葉菜栽培環境內的相對濕度、二氧化碳濃度、養液酸鹼度、養液導電度以及蝴蝶蘭栽培的灌溉頻度與灌溉量。目前環境內各項設定值為環境內濕度不低於70%、二氧化碳濃度維持在1200 ppm、養液酸鹼值以及導電度控制在6±0.1以及0.9±0.1 mS/cm、蝴蝶蘭盆栽的灌溉作業則是維持於整盆重量減少23%後進行。 本研究建置的環境與養液灌溉監控物聯網系統適用於植物工廠短期葉菜類栽培與蝴蝶蘭盆栽灌溉，透過此系統可使植物工廠的管理更為簡便，管理者只要能上網就可隨時監看達到無所不在（Ubiquitous）之目的。

This study aims to develop a ubiquitous environment and fertigation control system for crop production in plant factory. The hardware relate to the system includes personal computers, PICNICs（Programmable Interface Controller with Network Interface Card）, wireless access points, temperature sensors, humid sensors, CO2 sensors, pH sensors, electrical conductivity sensors, load cell, humidifiers, CO2 containers and related magnetic valves, artificial light and peristaltic pumps. All sensors transmit data via PICNIC and wireless access point, thus making all sensors fall in the concept of “Internet of Things”. The software related to the system can be divided into main program and web system. The purposes of the main program are: connecting to PICNIC, data acquisition from PICNIC, data upload to the web system, execute on-off control command to the equipment, and synchronized the control setup between main program and web system. System developed is currently operating in seven plant factories at three locations using one server located in our Department. Other than previously mentioned monitoring capabilities, the system also governing the control of indoor relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, pH and electrical conductivity of nutrient solution of hydroponically grown leafy vegetables and duration and frequency of fertigation for orchid（Phalaenopsis） production. Current settings for indoor relative humidity was not less than 70%, carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 1200 ppm, pH and electrical conductivity of nutrient solution were kept at 6±0.1 and 0.9±0.1 mS/cm, and the timing for potted orchid irrigation can be kept at pre-set（23% for example） reduction in total weight of the pot. Based on the concept of “Internet of Things”, an ubiquitous environment monitoring and control system was developed. The system is currently used in plant factories for leafy vegetable and orchid production. Through the successful installation of the system, the manager can work much easily. As long as the manager can get access to the Internet, he or she can get the real time information of the system thus making the ubiquitous management possible.