臺北市宗教管理之研究-以民政業務系統為例

Abstract

在過去數十年來，宗教現象一直是討論的主題。宗教現象的研究可以分類成四個主要族群。他們是宗教法制途徑、宗教角色與功能途徑、宗教組織與外在環境關係途徑，以及宗教管理途徑。過去幾年來，大量的學者之研究都指向宗教法制途徑。相反地，少有研究把注意力放在宗教管理途徑，因此他們的研究無法解決宗教亂象的問題。這篇論文的目的是要嘗試使用不同的理論來分析宗教亂象，並透過宗教管理途徑來提出解決宗教亂象的管理方法。 這篇論文的主要內容如下：第一章介紹論文的研究動機、研究方法和分析架構，並且提供相關基礎理論。這些基礎理論包含社會學理論、法律學理論、公共行政學理論和政策科學理論。第二章敘述台灣宗教發展與管理背景。它包含台灣民間信仰、宗教現況、宗教管理組織體系和宗教政策。這章說明內政部民政司是宗教管理的最高行政機關。它的宗教政策影響國家的宗教管理。第三章敘述臺北市的宗教發展與宗教管理。它包含臺北市宗教發展現況、臺北市宗教管理法制與組織和臺北市宗教管理的變遷。這章說明臺北市政府民政局和區公所是地方的宗教管理機關，並執行國家的宗教政策與輔導。第四章說明臺北市宗教輔導宗教管理的業務。它包含宗教團體的財務輔導、宗教團體的人事輔導和神壇輔導的管理。 對於民政機關而言，宗教管理一直是非常複雜和困難的工作。臺北市政府民政局和區公所在管理宗教團體經常受到很多因素的限制。它們是法律、行政管理機關（宗教管理機關和公務員）、議員和宗教團體等等。這些因素之間的不可調和之衝突產生宗教管理的困境，第五章在說明這些研究發現和嘗試提出解決管理問題的建議。

Over the last few decades, Religious phenomenon has been the subject of a discussion. A study of religious phenomenon can be classified into four main groups. They are an approach to the legal system of religion, an approach to the religious role and function, an approach to the relation between religious organization and external environment, and a religious management approach. Over the past few years, a considerable number of scholar’s studies have been conducted on the approach to the legal system of religion. On the contrary, little attempts have been given to a religious management approach, and therefore can not solve the problem of the messy phenomenon of the religion. The purpose of this paper is to try using various theories to analyse the messy phenomenon of the religion, and to propound a management method that solve the messy phenomenon of the religion through the religious management approach. The main contents of this study are as follow：The first chapter presents the research motive, the research method and the analysis framework of this study, and offer relevant basic theories. The basic theories contain social science theory, legislation science theory, public administration science theory, and policy science theory. The second chapter describes the development and the managerial background of the religion in Taiwan. It contains folk beliefs in Taiwan, the current situation of the religion, the organization of the religious management, religious policy. This chapter explain to Department of Civil Affairs Ministry of Interior is the highest administrative organization of religious management. Its religious policy effect the national religion management. The third chapter presents current situation of religion development, religious legal system and organization, and the change of the religion management in Taipei. This chapter interpret Department of Civil Affairs Taipei City Government and District Office is local administrative organization of religious management, and they implement national religious policy and coaching religious group. The fourth chapter presents guidance and assistance affairs of religious management in Taipei. It contains guidance and assistance management of personnel matters, guidance and assistance management of financial affairs, and coaching management of home style of worship. Religious management work has been very complicated all the time for civil administration. There are many factors that often limit religious management in Department of Civil Affairs of Taipei City Government and District Office. They are law, administration management organization ( religious management organization and a public official），a councilor, religious group. There are many irreconcilable conflicts that produce a difficult position of religious management. The fifth chapter explain the research discovery and try to advanced a suggestion to solve management question.