應用空間物件導向資料模式於工程全生命週期－以下水道資料為例

Abstract

地理資訊系統之應用己為許多學科所廣泛使用，對國內土木工程而言，資料數值建立多於規劃設計上使用，然今日追求工程資料永續應用及著重設施管理維護時，發現早期資料建置欠缺完善之規劃，而重新調查費用及資料殘缺情形，使主管機關在推動資訊管理化怯步不前，因此配合國內工程計畫管考及實施情形，構築一個支援工程全生命週期之地理資訊資料模式，將有助於現有工程主管機關納入行政系統中，逐步實施工程資料蒐集及管理工作中，解決長期面臨之資料困境。 現有地理資訊系統在工程應用上仍以現況管理為主，無法納入規劃設計資料於管理範疇，也延續規劃資料於後續應用階段時所參考，而傳統地理資料模式的圖層架構欠缺時序儲存及應用能力，因此導入工程全生命週期之概念，配合工程界之習慣操作方式及計畫管理導向，建構一個含時空關係及工程設施物件導向之關聯性之資料模式，應為可嘗試之解決方案。 本研究即是應用時空地理學之資料庫架構，萃取其資料時序記錄方式及處理步驟，再以物件導向之觀念，建立各生命週期階段工程物件階層架構及關連性，再解決物件間傳遞、繼承、比例尺等特殊問題，再引用新物件控制各階段時序變化，期待使後續發展應用系統時能更符合工程界需求。 鑑於各工程類別資料項目不同，其生命週期內資料傳遞及計畫間執行關聯性也有不同，將以下水道工程為範例解說各生命階段資料展示及操作程序，並擬定下水道資料物件模型，另以「計畫」物件為時間控制因子，串聯全生命週期內不同時序之資料轉換，做為本研究之成果。

Geographical information system (GIS) has been widely applied in many subjects. For the civil engineering in Taiwan, the establishment of data value is usually applied in planning and design; however, while looking for the continuous application of construction data and focus on the maintenance and management of facilities, it is discovered that the data established in early period did not have complete planning. Consequently, the govern institution could not promote information management positively due to the cost of re-investigation and missing data. Therefore, constructing a geographical information data model that could support the whole life cycle of construction and cooperate with the management, review and execution of construction plan in Taiwan could facilitate present govern institution of construction to conclude in administrative system, carry out the collection and management of construction data gradually, and solve the data difficulty existed for a long period of time. Status quo management is still the major construction application for GIS. It could not include planning design data into management scope, and extend planning data for reference in the follow up application stage. Furthermore, the layer framework of traditional geographical data model does not have time sequence storage and application ability; therefore, a possible solution is to introduce the concept of whole life cycle of construction, and cooperate with custom operation manner and plan management orientation of construction industry to construct an associated data model that contains spatial-temporal relationship and construction facility object orientation. This research applies the database framework of spatial-temporal geography, extracts its record of data’s time sequence and management process, and use the idea of object-oriented to establish the level framework and association of construction object in each life cycle. Finally is to solve special problems among objects, such as communication, inheritance and scale, and then control the change of time sequence in each stage by new object, and expect the development of application system could more conform to the need of construction industry in the future. Because the category data item of each construction is different, the data communication in life cycle and execution association between plans are different. Therefore, sewer construction is taken as the example to explain the data display and operation procedure of each life stage, and draw up sewer data object model; furthermore, “planning” object is used as the control factor of time to link the data transform of different time sequence in life cycle, and as the result of this research.