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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 羅昌發 | |
dc.contributor.author | Tsai-Fang Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳在方 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T06:36:44Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2005-11-29 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2005-11-29 | |
dc.date.issued | 2005 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2005-11-27 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 中文專書
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'United States—Countervailing Duties on Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Pork from Canada.' Adopted July 11, 1991. WTO爭端解決案件 小組裁決報告 1. Panel Report. 'Argentina—Measures Affecting Imports of Footwear, Textiles, Apparel and Other Items.' adopted April 22, 1998 (with AB report). 2. Panel Report. 'Argentina—Measures Affecting the Exports of Bovine Hides and the Imports of Finished Leather.' adopted February 16, 2001. 3. Panel Report. 'Australia—Subsidies Provided to Producers and Exporters of Automotive Leather.' adopted June 16, 1999. 4. Panel Report. 'Canada—Measures Affecting the Export of Civilian Aircraft.' adopted August 20, 1999 (with AB report). 5. Panel Report. 'European Communities—Anti-Dumping Duties on Imports of Cotton-Type Bed Linen from India.' adopted March 12, 2001 (with AB report). 6. Panel Report. 'European Communities—Conditions for the Granting of Tariff Preferences to Developing Countries.' adopted April 20, 2004 (with AB Report). 7. Panel Report. 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Appellate Body, adopted May 23, 1997 (with AB report). 22. Panel Report. 'United States—Measures Affecting the Importation, Internal Sale and Use of Tobacco.' adopted October 4, 1994. 23. Panel Report. 'United States—Restrictions on Imports of Cotton and Man-Made Fibre Underwear.' adopted February 25, 1997 (with AB report). 24. Panel Report. 'United States—Section 301-310 of the Trade Act of 1974.' adopted January 27, 2000. 25. Panel Report. 'United States—Subsidies on Upland Cotton.' adopted March 21, 2005 (with AB Reports). 上訴機構裁決報告 1. Appellate Body Report. 'Argentina—Measures Affecting Imports of Footwear, Textiles, Apparel and Other Items.' adopted April 22, 1998. 2. Appellate Body Report. 'Argentina—Safeguard Measures on Imports of Footwear.' adopted January 12, 2000. 3. Appellate Body Report. 'Brazil—Export Financing Program for Aircraft.' adopted August 20, 1999. 4. Appellate Body Report. 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'European Communities—Measures Affecting Meat and Meat Products (Hormones).' adopted February 13, 1998. 11. Appellate Body Report. 'European Communities—Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas.' adopted September 25, 1997. 12. Appellate Body Report. 'European Community—Trade Description of Sardines.' adopted October 23, 2002. 13. Appellate Body Report. 'Guatemala—Anti-Dumping Investigation Regarding Portland Cement from Mexico.' adopted November 25, 1998. 14. Appellate Body Report. 'India—Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products.' adopted January 16, 1998. 15. Appellate Body Report. 'India—Quantitative Restrictions on Imports of Agricultural, Textile and Industrial Products.' adopted September 22, 1999. 16. Appellate Body Report. 'Japan—Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples.' adopted December 10, 2003. 17. Appellate Body Report. 'Japan—Measures Affecting Agricultural Products.' adopted March 19, 1999. 18. 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'United States—Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Supply of Gambling and Betting Services.' adopted April 20, 2005. 25. Appellate Body Report. 'United States—Subsidies on Upland Cotton.' adopted March 21, 2005. 26. Appellate Body Report. 'United States—Tax Treatment for 'Foreign Sales Corporations'.' adopted March 20, 2000. 27. Appellate Body Report. 'United States—Tax Treatment for 'Foreign Sales Corporations' - Recourse to Article 21.5 of the Dsu by the European Communities.' adopted January 29, 2002. WTO協商文件 1. Proposal by Japan, 'Negotiations on Improvements and Clarifications of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.', Dispute Settlement Body Special Session, TN/DS/W/22, 28 October 2002. ICJ案件 1. ICJ Reports. 'Border and Transborder Armed Actions Case (Nicaragua V Hondras).' 1988. 2. ICJ Reports. 'Case Concerning Elettronica Sicula S.P.A. (Elsi), USA V Italy.' 1989. 3. ICJ Reports. 'Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua V USA, the 'Nicaragua Case').' ICJ Reports, 1986. 4. ICJ Reports. 'Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (United Kingdom V Iceland).' 1974. 5. ICJ Reports. 'Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador V Honduras).' 1992. 6. ICJ Reports. 'Temple of Preah Vihear Case, Cambodia V Thailand.' 1962. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34914 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 隨著WTO爭端解決程序上,事實層面的重要性與日遽增,加上其程序進行的內國法化,舉證責任的地位也日漸重要。然而WTO爭端解決的爭端雙方、爭議內容與性質與內國法不同,因此舉證責任的規範也有其特色,此為研究WTO爭端解決機制所必須注意者。
爭端解決機制下的小組以及上訴機構成員,由於來自各種不同的國家與背景,關於舉證責任的概念有時會有不夠清楚的情形,不過藉由上訴機構的逐步釐清,相關概念已漸漸清楚。其具體內涵,係由各國內國法以及國際法上所發展出來的原則,配合WTO爭端解決機制之特色所構成。 關於舉證責任分配,於WTO爭端解決上,最具有重要性與爭議性的,為系爭法規的性質所衍生出的主張責任分配問題。本文主張,主張責任之決定,應由規範適用的角度決定之。當特定條款之性質發生疑問,須定當事會員間之主張責任時,應確定該條款與他條款間有無發生規範衝突之現象,並進一步決定應負主張與舉證責任之條款。 關於爭端解決實務上的證明標準,WTO實務原則上係以“prima facie case”為標準。此係對於控訴會員採取較低要求,而針對被控訴會員加諸程序上參與提出反駁的負擔,於符合正當法律程序之要求下,對於系爭措施的WTO規範容許性判斷,有較為正面之作用。而實務上認定事實所要求之心證程度,尚不夠明確,對於舉證責任分配之安定性有所不利。如果該證明標準過低,會使舉證責任之分配失去意義。因此就特定主張是否足以推定成立,小組宜更加強其事實認定方面之說理,以增進裁決的正當性與可預測性。 | zh_TW |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄 - 1 -
第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 研究範圍與限制 3 第二章 舉證責任之概念 5 第一節 事實認定與舉證責任 5 第一項 爭端解決與事實認定概述 5 一、爭端之解決 5 二、適用法律與認定事實 7 三、事實與證據 8 第二項 WTO爭端解決機制上的事實認定 11 一、國際法庭上之事實認定與WTO爭端解決機制 12 二、WTO爭端上之事實特色 13 三、WTO爭端解決程序上之待證事實 15 四、WTO爭端解決機制事實發現之架構 17 五、WTO爭端解決機制上之證據評價 18 六、WTO爭端解決小組事實發現所應遵守之原則 19 第二節 舉證責任之法律定位與相關概念之定義 22 第一項 舉證責任法則於法律體系上之地位 23 第二項 普通法(common law)與歐陸民法(civil law)體系上的舉證責任概念 24 一、普通法體系上的舉證責任概念 24 二、歐陸民法體系上的舉證責任概念 28 三、普通法體系與歐陸民法體系共通的舉證責任概念 29 第三項 一般國際法法庭上之舉證責任概念 30 第四項 WTO爭端解決體制上之舉證責任意涵 33 一、WTO爭端解決機制上舉證責任之定義 33 二、舉證責任於WTO爭端解決機制上的作用 37 三、WTO爭端解決機制上關於舉證責任之重要概念區辨 40 第三章 舉證責任之分配 49 第一節 緒論 49 第二節 GATT時代爭端解決機制下之舉證責任分配實務 50 第一項 控訴會員之舉證責任 51 第二項 被控訴會員之舉證責任 52 第三項 舉證責任分配與證明程度之區別 54 第三節 WTO爭端解決機制下之舉證責任分配 55 第一項 緒論 55 一、舉證責任分配之作用概述 55 二、WTO爭端解決機制上舉證責任分配之基本原則 58 第二項 實務上舉證責任的具體分配原則 63 一、控訴會員應負責證明其主張(claim)條款之要件 64 二、被控訴會員應負責證明符合其所援引之肯定性抗辯(affirmative defences)之要件 66 三、提出特定事實者,就該事實負擔舉證責任 70 第四章 實務上舉證責任分配之整理與檢討 79 第一節 實務上舉證責任分配之觀察 79 第一項 分別就控訴會員與被控訴會員所應負擔之舉證責任判斷 79 第二項 舉證責任應以事實為對象 80 第三項 舉證責任的概念 81 第四項 政策選擇於舉證責任分配之影響 82 第二節 抗辯條款性質之判斷 84 第一項 問題所在 84 第二項 案例探討 85 一、ATC第6條之性質 85 二、SPS協定第3.3條之性質 92 三、SCM協定第27.4條之性質 94 四、SCM協定附錄一附註59第五句之性質 96 五、1979年授權條款之性質 98 第三節 實務舉證責任分配法則之檢討 114 第四節 WTO爭端解決機制下舉證責任分配之建議 120 第五章 證明標準 127 第一節 緒論 127 第一項 爭端解決小組要求提出證據的權限 127 第二項 爭端解決小組評價證據之權限 128 第二節 “prima facie case”之概念 132 第一項 GATT時代裁決關於推定於事實認定上之運用 132 一、小組裁決 132 二、推定之運用 133 三、運用推定技巧之場合 134 四、事實認定與法律適用 134 第二項 “prima facie case”用語之內涵 136 一、事實認定上之作用 136 二、其他作用與內涵 143 第三項 ”prima facie case”所代表之心證程度 145 第四項 並非實質舉證責任之移轉 147 第五項 證明程度的具體判斷過程 155 第六項 達成控訴會員”prima facie case”之判斷限制 158 第七項 小組關於證據證明程度判斷之告知 162 第三節 證據之證明力以及個別事項所需之證據程度 163 第一項 證據之證明力 163 一、承認與證明 163 二、先前裁決與證明 163 第二項 待證事項與證明程度 166 一、例外條款之解釋 166 二、個別協定條款下之證明程度 167 第六章 結論 171 參考文獻 177 附件:相關用語比較表 189 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 世界貿易組織爭端解決機制下舉證責任之研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Issues of Burden of Proof under WTO Dispute Settlement System | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林彩瑜,彭心儀 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 世界貿易組織,爭端解決,舉證責任,證明程度,證明標準, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | WTO,DSU,burden of proof,standard of proof,prima facie case,affirmative defence, | en |
dc.relation.page | 191 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2005-11-28 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 法律學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 法律學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-94-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 592.55 kB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。