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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳俊傑(Chun-Chieh Wu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsiu-Ju Cheng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 鄭琇嬬 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T06:23:36Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2007-02-07 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2006-02-07 | |
dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2006-01-23 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 王時鼎,1980:台灣近海颱風運動及強度預報法,國科會研究報告018號,100頁。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/34703 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 1998年的瑞伯颱風登陸呂宋島前眼牆有收縮現象而離開呂宋島後眼牆有擴大現象,其眼牆變化過程所衍生的動力問題值得深入研究。Wu et al.(2003)提出瑞伯颱風(1998)登陸前的眼縮小及登陸後的眼變大現象這個有趣的議題,也提出值得後續探討的問題。本研究延續Wu et al.(2003)所提出的議題,針對1998年之瑞伯颱風的颱風眼及眼牆的變化進行深入研究,利用MM5中尺度模式及以ECMWF全球分析為初始場,本研究設計幾種不同的下邊界條件進行數值模擬,藉由模擬所得之颱風結構分析,以及動力與熱力結構的分析與診斷,探討造成瑞伯颱風登陸前眼牆收縮及強度增強,與登陸後眼牆半徑擴大之主要影響因子。
研究結果顯示,當呂宋島的山脈存在時,颱風登陸前最大切向風增強及最大風速半徑內縮,同時眼牆內低層上升速度增強,眼內的逆溫層也向上抬升。由渦旋結構的變化及渦度診斷分析結果顯示,眼牆內縮的現象主要為山脈造成風場合流並使眼牆輻合增強的結果。此外,颱風登陸後眼的擴大現象是一種不連續的變化過程。由於颱風中心及眼牆部分登陸後,眼牆下方來自海面的潛熱通量大幅減少,使眼牆下方進入眼牆的空氣較冷及較乾,造成眼牆對流的減弱。而颱風登陸後,內部的次環流產生變化,原本位於眼牆下方的低層的徑向內流輻合區向外移至半徑100~110公里附近(約為呂宋島的沿海地區)。另一方面,在眼牆的變化過程中地形的作用為使颱風登陸後在陸地停留的時間延長,並破壞颱風環流的連續性。由於呂宋島的山脈呈U字形,其東西二側沿海的山脈有利於風場在山坡處爬升。此外,颱風中心及眼牆登陸後外圍有部分環流仍在海面上,向外移的低層內流輻合區配合地形造成之海面風場輻合有利於外圍對流雨帶的發展。因此,當颱風原本的眼牆由於缺乏來自低層的暖濕空氣而逐漸減弱時,外圍對流雨帶則持續發展並經由平流作用逐漸繞成環狀並形成外眼牆,在此過程中地形存在可使新眼牆形成的速度較快而且半徑較大。當颱風回到海面上後,外眼牆繼續增強,而內眼牆消散,使颱風出現大眼現象。 本研究的模擬結果也顯示,眼牆內側原本呈環狀分布的位渦在颱風登陸後逐漸轉變為單極(monopole)分布。當颱風外側新眼牆生成而颱風也由陸地回到海面後,颱風眼牆的高位渦卻可維持環狀結構而不被破壞。而使眼牆產生兩種不同演變過程的原因可能與非絕熱加熱及地表摩擦作用有關。由敏感度實驗的結果顯示,眼牆高位渦可維持環狀而不被眼牆正壓不穩定所造成的混合作用破壞,可能由於非絕熱作用可在眼牆內生成正位渦而補充其位渦的損失,因此即使眼牆存在正壓不穩定而使眼牆產生波動及波破裂現象,眼牆位渦仍可因非絕熱過程所產生的正位渦而維持。而造成登陸後位渦最大值移入渦旋中心的可能原因為:登陸使下表面潛熱通量大幅減少,眼牆內部非絕熱作用所產生的正位渦也大量減少而不足以補充眼牆因平流或混合過程減少的正位渦,而且地表摩擦作用有助於眼牆正壓不穩定所造成的眼牆及眼內的混合作用更強,因此颱風登陸後位渦分布轉變為單極結構。 這個研究藉由數值模式順利模擬瑞伯颱風的眼牆變化過程,由數值實驗結果的分析與比較,深入探討影響瑞伯颱風眼牆變化的因素。類似瑞伯颱風的眼牆變化過程也曾出現在其他個案〔如2003年之尹布都(Imbudo)與米勒(Melor)颱風及2005年的Wilma颶風〕,但颱風強度、暴風半徑、地形大小、山脈高度與不同山脈分布是否造成不同的眼牆變化過程,仍待更多的研究深入探討。此外,非絕熱及摩擦等造成位渦不保守的作用亦為影響颱風強度及眼牆演變的重要因素。我們認為未來有必要利用具有完整物理過程的理想模式設計適當的模擬條件來深入探究前述各項作用對於眼牆演變過程的定性及定量影響。 | zh_TW |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 I
誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖表目錄 VI 第一章 研究動機及背景 1 1.1 颱風發展理論回顧 2 1.2 眼牆動力相關研究回顧 5 1.3 環境對颱風之影響 8 1.4 地形對颱風之影響 9 1.5 研究動機 10 第二章 個案簡介及研究目的 12 2.1 個案簡介 12 2.2 研究目的 13 第三章 第三章 研究方法 14 3.1 模式簡介 14 3.2 實驗設計 17 3.3 分析方法 18 3.3.1 軸對稱及不對稱結構分析 18 3.3.2 渦度診斷 19 3.3.3 角動量收支分析 19 3.3.4 位渦收支分析 20 第四章 模擬結果分析 21 4.1 路徑及強度 21 4.2 各階段模擬結果之分析與比較 23 4.2.1 登陸前 --- 眼牆收縮 23 4.2.2 登陸後 --- 眼牆的破壞及新生 25 4.2.2.1 舊眼牆的破壞及新眼牆的形成 25 4.2.2.2 眼和眼牆之混合作用 31 4.2.3 回到海面 --- 颱風的增強 33 4.2.3.1 眼牆的重整與颱風的增強 33 4.2.3.2 眼牆波動現象 34 4.3 角動量與位渦收支診斷 37 4.3.1 角動量收支分析 37 4.3.2 位渦收支分析 38 第五章 敏感度測試結果與討論 41 5.1 實驗動機及目的 41 5.2 敏感度實驗設計 42 5.3 敏感度測試結果與討論 43 5.3.1 地表摩擦及非絕熱作用對渦旋結構的影響 43 5.3.1.1 敏感度實驗結果 43 5.3.1.2 地表摩擦及非絕熱作用存在時之眼牆動力過程 45 5.3.2地形與眼牆及強度演變之關係 47 第六章 結論及未來展望 50 附錄一 58 參考文獻 59 附圖 66 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 登陸颱風眼牆與強度演變之動力模擬探討 | zh_TW |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 94-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳泰然,郭鴻基,李清勝,黃清勇,楊明仁,葉天降 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 颱風,眼牆,強度,登陸,位渦,動力, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | typhoon,eyewall,intensity,landfall, | en |
dc.relation.page | 139 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2006-01-24 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 大氣科學系 |
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