國際小武器與輕型武器非法擴散管制之研究

Abstract

國際間小武器與輕型武器的非法擴散造成許多問題，其中最嚴重的莫過於人道傷害與破壞，以及升高武裝衝突的強度，即使是承平國家也因境內非法流通的小武器影響治安而為此感到困擾。自從聯合國在1995年起將小武器與輕型武器問題列入議程之後，國際間對於這個問題逐漸重視。經過將近十年的發展，國際間形成一個環環相扣的規範體系，本文將此一規範體系區分為三個層次，其中最高一層是聯合國的規範與相關管制架構，第二層則是由國際組織，特別是區域組織所建立起的管制建制，第三層是個別國家的管制行為。本文將藉由這三個層次的管制架構，探討國際間小武器與輕型武器非法擴散管制的成效。

Small arms and light weapons have been the primary instruments of violence and armed conflicts in the world. Small arms and light weapons not only cause huge damage to human rights, but also exacerbate the armed conflicts and the civil wars. In most states in conflict, non-combatants, including women and children, are facing the threats to their lives and safety from this kind of weapons. Illicit trafficking and trade of arms to the regions in conflict makes it more difficult on the process of cease-fire and peace-keeping. On the other hand, the circulation of illicit small arms in states in peace increases the rate of armed crime and violence, causing serious consequences of human security and social stability. The illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons has been a grave problem in the international agenda, and as a result, the United Nations began to deal with it in 1995. The international regime of controls and restraints on the proliferation of small arms and light weapons has developed. The most important achievement is that a three-level arms control system has been structured. The three levels are the United Nations’ framework, the regional and international regimes and the implementation of states. This article will illustrate the contemporary condition of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons and the three levels of control structure of the illicit arms proliferation in the international society.