台灣阿里山山椒魚棲地狀況與生物活動力關係研究

Abstract

近年來由於高山地區的觀光事業迅速發展，野溪邊坡整治過程常有混凝土化情形，以維護遊客的安全，但混凝土對於環境及生物活動力的影響還是未知數。本研究以阿里山國家公園內特有種阿里山山椒魚為對象，探討其適應水岸邊坡材質對活動力的影響程度。選擇已混凝土化的地區和其餘二個仍保留原始水區作比較，發現當地經過混凝土施工後，導致水流速度增加，且水深變淺；當水量不大時，水流呈現靜止狀態，進而影響水質狀況。以生物的活動力來看，選擇棲地現有青苔、岩石、木頭、土壤及外來的混凝土作為水岸邊坡基質，量測阿里山山椒魚的攀爬能力。依阿里山地區冬、夏季節影響溫濕度變化的特徵，探討水岸邊坡基質表面在夏季高溫高濕(15℃以上，100%)及冬季低溫高濕(8℃以下，100%)兩種環境對於山椒魚攀爬能力的影響，找出當邊坡坡度增加，能力急速下降的坡度區間。實驗結果得知，山椒魚的攀爬能力在低溫時略為降低，以邊坡45°為例，平均攀爬能力在冬季較夏季約下降8%。適合阿里山山椒魚的坡度設計上限，以青苔基質表面，建議≦60°為佳；以石頭及木頭作為基質，則建議≦45°，但若要考慮同時兼顧台灣其他高山地區的兩棲蛙類，如磐古蟾蜍，則坡度建議≦15°較適合；若以混凝土做為施工材料，建議坡度≦45°；但若就地取材以當地土壤做為邊坡材質，則建議坡度降為≦30°較佳。本研究另外探討以Martof (1953)剪趾標記法作為生物紀錄方法，對於山椒魚攀爬能力的影響，結果顯示剪趾標記後的攀爬能力較未剪趾者降低，但因樣本數略顯不足，日後可持續累積資料，以作深入的討論。本研究探討野溪邊坡材質與坡度組合設計之成果，期能對於日後從事高山地區野溪邊坡生態工程技術之相關工程人員提供有用資料。

With the tourism developing in recent years, there are often concrete constructions by the creeks in order to protect the safety of the tourists, but the effect of concrete on the environment and the mobility of certain species are still unknown. This research is working on a probe into different water bank materials adaption that effect Hynobius arisanensis’s motility in the national park of Alishan. Comparing concrete area and other two areas where to keep primitive stream, concrete constructs lead to the velocity of flow increase; streams shallow and then effect water quality. In biological motility study, choose the existing moss; rock; wood; soil and concert as water bank materials measure the scramble ability of Hynobius arisanensis. According to the seasonal humidity changes in winter and summer of Alishan area, Hynobius arisanensis‘s scramble ability in high humidity high temperature and high humidity low temperature are discussed to find an interval of slope increasing and scramble ability drops rapidly. In the result, the scramble ability of Hynobius arisanensis is slightly decrease in low temperature, take 45°as an example, in winter the average of scramble ability decline 8% than in summer. The upper limit of design slope suitable for Hynobius arisanensis, on the moss surface, propose ≦60°is better；as the surface on rock and wood, propose ≦45°, other amphibians of alpine areas in Taiwan such as Bufo bankorensis is considered, then the slope ≦15°is suitable. Concrete as the water bank material, propose the slope ≦45°；soil as the water bank material, the slope are prefer to ≦30°. In this research also discussed Hynobius arisanensis’s scramble ability effected by toe clipping method-Martof(1953). The result shows that Hynobius arisanensis’s scramble ability is also decrease after toes were cut. Sample quantity is limited in this research and hope that sample number of Hynobius arisanensis can be increased and could be helpful for further researches in the future.