以生命週期成本觀點研析學生宿舍建築之維護成本與策略

Abstract

建築物於生命週期之設計與營造階段，多著重在機能、成本、美觀、進度與品質等議題面向，經常忽略後續營運維護階段中維護經濟性之規劃或管制，導致龐大後生命週期之營運維護成本產生。由於政府財政日漸萎縮，補助學校預算逐年劇減，學校建築的維護規劃難度日益升高，短絀的預算、維護預測模型的缺乏、加上對預防規劃與策略的漠視，已直接導致近期校舍加速劣化與校園公共安全危害等重大管理問題，亟待各界之正視與策略研究的提出。 宿舍是學校建築中使用時間最長且最頻繁的硬體設施，也是學校建築維護管理對象的研究重點，因此本研究以台灣大學加強磚造之女生第八宿舍(屋齡47年)、第九宿舍(屋齡39年)及男生第十四宿舍(屋齡49年)，以及鋼筋混凝土造之女生第一宿舍(屋齡28年) 、第二宿舍(屋齡16年)、男生第一宿舍(屋齡26年)、第六宿舍(屋齡16年)為研究對象，蒐集彙整近50年歷史資料進行研究，探討國內屬地型之生命週期成本(Life Cycle Cost; LCC)比例。本研究發現：成本資料來源與金額折現對於LCC比例影響甚大，且營運與能源費用是學生宿舍在LCC策略規劃上之重點。另藉由構件維護修繕週期及趨勢分析結果，分析出維護計劃之週期評估以5年為宜。再者，經歸納彙整關鍵修繕項目，評估提出相關研擬對策給A/C/E作為規劃設計、施工與營運維護等階段，進行營運維護效益評估、營建品質提升與使用維護管理規劃之參考。最後，研究以例行性維護成本、非例行性修繕成本與需求增加三個成本構面，經實際數據推估、馬可夫鍊及情況描述等方式，提出維護成本分佈與預測模型，以利預算編列參考之用。

When it comes to the scheming and construction of a building, much emphasis goes to its function, cost, façade, process, and quality while little attention is paid to the upkeep after operation, especially in the planning and management. Thus it is required to have a large budget to maintain the upkeep of a building. However, due to the decrease in governmental subsidy, the difficulties in the architectural maintenance in each school have become apparent. Shortages in budget as well as in maquette for prevention and maintenance and the disregard to precaution planning and scheming have directly led to the menace in school buildings and public safety, which calls for the public for further consideration. Because of its most durable and frequently used qualities among school facilities, dormitories remain central to architectural maintenance. This study examines the brick-made dormitories in National Taiwan University (the 8th Female Dorm, 47 years; the 9th Female Dorm, 39 years; the 14th Male Dorm), and the reinforced concrete-made dormitories (the 1st Female Dorm, 28 years; the 2ed Female Dorm, 16 years; the 1st Male Dorm, 26 years; the 6th Male Dorm, 16 years), with documents in the last fifty years, to investigate the proportion of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) in Taiwan. The study finds that the sources of cost and conversion to cash have much to do with the proportion of LCC while operational and energy costs are the priority in LCC planning in student dormitories. Moreover, by the analysis of the cycle and currents of modular maintenance, the study concludes that a cycle of five years is appropriate for maintenance planning. Furthermore, according to the analysis of repairing items, the study provides certain strategies for A/C/E for planning devise, construction and operational maintenance in order to evaluate the operational maintenance benefit, to increase the construction quality, and to guide for maintenance planning. Finally, through examining regular and irregular maintenance costs and increased demand, the study points out maintenance cost and prediction module for the future reference to budgeting.