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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 范正成(Jen-Chen Fan) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Min-Fon Wu | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 吳明峰 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T05:45:54Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2007-07-20 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-20 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-14 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 參考文獻
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Evaluating the effect of puddling on infiltration using the Green and Ampt equation. Transactions of the ASAE 31(3): 761-768. 41. Kirby, M. J. and R. P. C. Morgan. 1980. Soil Erosion. John Wiley & Sons. 42. Kinnell PIA. 1990. The mechanics of raindrop induced flow transport. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28:497-516. 43. Kinnell PIA. 1993. Interrill erodibilities based on the rainfall intensity-flow discharge erosivity factor. Australian Journal of Soil Research 31:319-332. 44. Kinnell PIA. 1993. Sediment concentrations resulting from flow depth/drop size interactions in shallow overland flow. Transactions of the ASAE 36(4): 1099-1103. 45. Kinnell PIA. 2001. Particle travel distances and bed and sediment compositions associated with rain-impacted flows. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26:749-758. 46. Kinnell PIA. 2005. Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction: a review. Hydrological Processes 19:2815-2844. 47. Kinnell PIA. 2006. 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Australian Journal of Soil Research 21: 257-269. 60. Mualem, Y., S. Assouline, and H. Rohdenburg. 1990. Rainfall induced soil seal (A) a critical review of observations and models. Catena 17:185-203. 61. Mutchler, C. K., and L. M. Hansen. 1970. Splash of a water-drop at terminal velocity. Science 169: 1311-1312. 62. Neal, J.H. 1938. Effect of degree of slope and rainfall characteristics on runoff and soil erosion. Agric. Eng. 19(5):213-217. 63. Nearing, M. A., J. M. Bradford, and S. C. Parker. 1991. Soil detachment by shallow flow at low slopes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55: 339-344. 64. Poesen, J. and F. Ingelmo-Sanchez. 1992. Runoff and sediment yield from topsoils with different porosity as affected by rock fragment cover and position. Catena 19:451-474. 65. Poesen, J. W., and H. Lavee. 1991. Effects of size and incorporation of synthetic mulch on runoff and sediment yield from interrills in a laboratory study with simulated rainfall. Soil & Tillage Research 21: 209-223. 66. Poesen, J., F. Ingelmo-Sanchez, and H. Mucher. 1990. The hydrological response of soil surfaces to rainfall as affected by cover and position of rock fragments in the top layer. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15: 653-671. 67. Renard, K.G., G.R. Foster, G.A. Weesies, D.K. McCool, and D.C. Yoder. 1997. Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agri. Handbook No. 703. 68. Rose, C.W. 1993. Erosion and sedimentation. In Hydrology and Water Management in the Humid Tropics, Bonell M, Hufschmidt MM, Gladwell JS (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 301-343. 69. Roy, B. L., and A. R. Jarrett. 1991. The role of coarse fragments and surface compaction in reducing interrill erosion. Transactions of the ASAE 34(1): 149-154 70. Saini, G.R., and W.J. Grant. 1980. Longterm effects of intensive cultivation on soil quality in the potato-growing areas of New Brunswick (Canada) and Maine (USA). Can. J. Soil Sci., 60:421-428. 71. Seginer, I., and J. Morin. 1970. A model of surface crusting and infiltration of bare soils, Water Resource Res. 6(2): 629-633. 72. Simanton, J.R., E. Rawitz, and E.D. Shirley. 1984. Effects of rock fragments on erosion of semiarid rangeland soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Special Publication 13:65-72. 73. Valentin, C. 1994. Surface sealing as affected by various rock fragment cover in West Africa. Catena 23:87-97. 74. Valmis, S., D. Dimoyiannis, and N.G. Danalatos. 2005. Assessing interrill erosion rate from soil aggregate instability index, rainfall intensity and slope angle on cultivated soils in central Greece. Soil & Tillage Research 80:139-147. 75. Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., L.A. Bruijnzeel, and E.H. Eisma. 2003. A methodology to study rain splash and wash processes under natural rainfall. Hydrological Processes 17:153-167. 76. Watson, D. A., and J. M. Laflen. 1986. Soil strength, slope and rainfall intensity effects on interrill erosion. Transactions of the ASAE 29(1): 98-102. 77. Wischmeier, W. H., and D. D. Smith. 1978. Predicting rainfall erosion losses. USDA Agriculture Handbook. No.537. Sci. and Educ. Admin. 78. Wischmeier, W.H., C.B. Johnson, and B.V. Cross. 1971. A soil erodibility nomograph for farmland and construction sites. J. Soil and Water Conserv. 26:189-193. 79. Zhang, X.C., M.A. Nearing, W.P. Miller, L.D. Norton, and L.T. West. 1998. Modeling interrill sediment delivery. Soil Sci.Soc. Am. J. 62:438-444. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/33773 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本研究的主要目的在於藉由人工降雨沖蝕試驗探討石塊覆蓋率及石塊放置方式對紋溝間土壤沖蝕之影響機制。沖蝕試驗採用台灣北部地區的紅壤及黃壤土，重模於沖蝕試驗箱，並分別利用天然卵石及人造水泥圓球鋪放在土壤表面模擬石塊覆蓋。覆蓋率於65%以下區分六種比例；石塊放置方式採用全部露出及半嵌入土壤表面兩種。試驗坡度則固定為20%。
試驗結果顯示，石塊覆蓋對於抑制紋溝間土壤沖蝕之效果，因覆蓋率而不同，且與其係完全露出或半嵌入土壤表面而異。完全露出土壤表面之石塊，對於抑制沖蝕之效果，優於半嵌入土壤表面之石塊。至於覆蓋率增加，則非必然可降低土壤沖蝕。本研究尚發現，在相同覆蓋率情況下，石塊半嵌入土壤表面時之沖蝕率與完全露出時之沖蝕率之比例，與覆蓋率具有自然指數關係。另在飛濺沖蝕之影響方面，完全裸露土壤之飛濺沖蝕量縱然不會全部成為進入紋溝的土壤沖蝕量，但在數量上已佔土壤沖蝕量之比例逾三分之一，甚至在低降雨強度時，其數量足以使飛濺成為沖蝕的主因。然而，隨著覆蓋率增加，飛濺沖蝕量所佔總沖蝕量之比例逐漸降低。此外，完全露出土壤表面之石塊底下受遮蔽之土壤表面，在降雨過程中因未封鎖孔隙而具有較高之滲透性。本研究所使用兩種土壤之試驗結果均顯示，經降雨沖蝕之後，石塊下方遮蔽範圍內之入滲率約為裸露土壤表面之2.2倍。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cover rate and disposition of rock fragments used as mulch cover on the mechanism of interrill soil erosion by tests with simulated rainfall. There were two kinds of soil used in this study, lateritic soil and yellow soil, and were collected from northern Taiwan. The soil was remolded in a test box. Natural pebbles and motar balls were placed at the soil surface as the mulch cover respectively. The erosion tests were repeated on soil samples at 6 different cover rates under 65%, and two types of surface covers: completely exposed to the soil surface and half embedded into the soil. During the tests, the slope steepness of the erosion boxes was maintained at 20%.
It was found that the effect of reducing interrill soil erosion changed with different cover rates, and with the positions of rock fragments. The rock fragments placed on top of the soil surface were found better for controlling interrill erosion. However, the increase of cover rate did not insure reduced interrill erosion. It was also found that there was natural exponential relationship between the interrill erosion of the soils with rock fragments on top of the soil surface and with half embedded. Aside from these, even though the splash erosion would not totally become interril erosion. For soils without any cover, the proportion of splash erosion to total interrill erosion was more than one-third. At lower rainfall intensity, splash erosion dominated interrill erosion. However, along with the increase of the rates of cover by rock fragments, the proportion of splash erosion to total interrill erosion was reduced. Besides, rock fragments placed on top could protect the underlying topsoil against surface sealing by raindrop impacte, and retained higher infiltration. The results of both kinds of soil used in this study showed that the infiltration rate of the topsoil underlying the rock fragments was 2.2 times the infiltration rate of bare area after rainfall erosion. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T05:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D87622002-1.pdf: 1652354 bytes, checksum: 6556e28d2b640c6068e5326d2c2332bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
謝誌 Ⅰ 中文摘要 Ⅱ Abstract Ⅲ 圖目錄 Ⅷ 表目錄 XI 第一章 研究動機與目的 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.1 紋溝間土壤沖蝕發生機制 4 2.2 降雨強度對紋溝間土壤沖蝕之影響 8 2.3 石塊覆蓋對土壤沖蝕之影響 12 2.4 土壤表面孔隙封鎖對滲流及飛濺沖蝕之影響 24 第三章 石塊覆蓋對紋溝間沖蝕之影響 27 3.1 試驗材料與試驗設備 27 3.1.1 土壤 27 3.1.2 覆蓋物 30 3.1.3 沖蝕試驗箱 30 3.1.4 人工降雨機 32 3.2 沖蝕試體製作 37 3.3 人工降雨沖蝕試驗 41 3.3.1 試驗說明 41 3.3.2 試驗結果 44 3.4 入滲分析 46 3.4.1 降雨強度對滲透性之影響 46 3.4.2 石塊位置對滲透性之影響 50 3.4.3 滲透性與石塊覆蓋率之關係 51 3.5 土壤沖蝕量分析 61 3.5.1 石塊位置對土壤沖蝕量之影響 61 3.5.2 土壤沖蝕與石塊覆蓋率之關係 66 3.6 綜合性推估公式 72 3.6.1 模式之建立 73 3.6.2 迴歸分析結果 74 3.6.3 石塊完全露出與半嵌入土壤表面之沖蝕量比例關係 78 3.7 小結 80 第四章 石塊覆蓋對飛濺沖蝕與逕流沖蝕之影響 84 4.1試驗材料與試驗設備 84 4.1.1 土壤 84 4.1.2 覆蓋物 86 4.1.3 飛濺沖蝕收集系統 86 4.2 沖蝕試體製作 88 4.3 人工降雨沖蝕試驗 91 4.3.1 試驗說明 91 4.3.2 試驗設備 92 4.3.3 試驗結果 95 4.4 入滲分析 96 4.4.1 石塊完全露出土壤表面之滲透性 100 4.4.2 石塊半嵌入土壤表面之滲透性 101 4.5 逕流分析 103 4.5.1 逕流率與覆蓋率之關係 103 4.5.2 濺失雨量探討 107 4.6 飛濺沖蝕分析 111 4.6.1 飛濺沖蝕與覆蓋率之關係 111 4.6.2 飛濺沖蝕與降雨強度之關係 115 4.7 逕流沖蝕分析 118 4.7.1 逕流沖蝕與覆蓋率之關係 120 4.7.2 逕流沖蝕與降雨強度之關係 124 4.8 逕流沖蝕與飛濺沖蝕之比較 125 4.9 小結 129 第五章 結論與建議 131 5.1結論 131 5.2建議 132 參考文獻 134 附錄A 人工降雨沖蝕試驗數據（第三章之試驗） 143 附錄B 預測土壤沖蝕量與試驗量測資料比較圖（第三章之試驗） 145 附錄C 人工降雨沖蝕試驗數據（第四章之試驗） 150 附錄D 第三章試驗數據與覆蓋率之關係（考慮重複試驗之變異） 152 附錄E 第四章試驗數據與覆蓋率之關係（考慮重複試驗之變異） 156 作者簡歷 161 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 土壤沖蝕 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 入滲 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 石塊 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 降雨強度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 覆蓋率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 紋溝間 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | soil erosion | en |
| dc.subject | infiltration | en |
| dc.subject | rainfall intensity | en |
| dc.subject | rock fragment | en |
| dc.subject | cover rate | en |
| dc.subject | interrill | en |
| dc.title | 石塊之覆蓋率及嵌入對紋溝間土壤沖蝕影響之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | A Study on the Effects of Cover Rate and Embedding of Rock Fragments on Interrill Soil Erosion | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林俊全(Jiun-Chuan Lin),陳樹群(Su-Chin Chen),盧光輝(Kwong Fai Andrew Lo),盧昭堯(Jau-Yau Lu) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 土壤沖蝕,紋溝間,覆蓋率,石塊,降雨強度,入滲, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | soil erosion,interrill,cover rate,rock fragment,rainfall intensity,infiltration, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 163 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-14 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 生物環境系統工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 生物環境系統工程學系 | |
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