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| ???org.dspace.app.webui.jsptag.ItemTag.dcfield??? | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 楊平世(Ping-Shih Yang) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gene-Sheng Tung | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 董景生 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-13T04:50:02Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2011-07-19 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2006-07-19 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2006 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2006-07-15 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 引用文獻：
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/33605 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 造癭昆蟲由於具有寄主專一性，容易隨著寄主的種化而增加多樣性。為測試植物科群大小假說，分析331種台灣產癭的寄主植物，將蟲癭多樣性與植物科內種數進行迴歸分析，結果受到樟科和殼斗科兩大優勢造癭寄主植物科內蟲癭多樣性偏高，以及蘭科、禾本科等大的植物科群內蟲癭多樣性少的影響，並無顯著相關性。而依植物科群地質年齡假說，將造癭植物依拓展歷史，區分為產癭特有種、非特有原生種和外來種寄主植物來探討蟲癭種類出現的多樣性，結果顯示，台灣特有種植物上的蟲癭多樣性較非特有原生種高，外來種因為蟲癭少導致不顯著，除了優勢造癭植物如樟科、殼斗科外，大多數寄主植物上僅有單一種蟲癭，樟科中最優勢的造癭屬是楨楠屬 (37.3%)，僅有8種植物，卻可採集到57形態種蟲癭，主要造癭者為雙翅目癭蚋科 (Cecidomyiidae) (50形態種)，其餘為半翅目蟲癭。相同蟲癭形態種具有種專一性，其中紅楠 (Machilus thunbergii) 上包含9種形態種蟲癭，除小西氏楠 (M. konishii) 僅有2種形態種蟲癭外，其餘6種楨楠屬植物均有6種以上不同形態種蟲癭。針對樟科楨楠屬蟲癭調查台灣126個樣區，以蟲癭種類數、蟲癭數量與氣候因子逐一進行相關性分析，結果發現兩者僅與秋雨量呈顯著正相關，推測可能是Daphnephila蟲癭在秋季的高生長量導致。經由典型對應分析 (CCA) 檢驗楨楠屬蟲癭群聚與氣候因子的關係，整體趨勢顯示，氣候因子影響寄主植物分布，蟲癭群聚受氣候因子的影響不顯著。以福山地區楨楠屬樣樹的蟲癭進行微棲地分析，不同樹高層的蟲癭數量與優勢種類有明顯差異；樹冠上層蟲癭數量較中下層多，而偏好在上層的尖卵型與鐘型蟲癭，經常單生在單葉上，偏好中下層出現的長棒型與鳥型，則多顆聚集在單葉上。香楠鐘型蟲癭一年一世代，出現數量受寄主春季抽芽期和秋季的癭體發育期兩個季節影響。全穿透光率、春季均溫與鐘型蟲癭量呈正相關，溼度則為負相關，溼度變動大且輻射光強的高層，有利鐘型蟲癭生長。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Since galling insects are host-specific, they diverse with the host speciation. Regression analysis was used to test of the plant family size hypothesis for 331 galling hosts in Taiwan. The result showed no significant relationship between gall species richness and host plant family’s size. It was probably because small plant families, such as Lauraceae and Fagaceae, are more diverse than big families, such as Orchidaceae and Poaceae, in galling host plants. To test plant family geological age hypothesis, examing galling plants in native, endemic, and exotic host species. The result shows highest gall diversity in the endemic hosts, and exotic hosts are the least. During the investigation in Taiwan, most host-plants are found having only one gall species on it, except dominant galling hosts, such as Lauraecae and Fagaceae. Among those families, the highest GSR is the genus Machilus (37.3%). Fifty-seven gall morphospecies were collected in 8 spp. of the genus Machilus. Most gallers are gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiid) (50 spp.), the others are Hemiptera. The gall morphospecies represent species specific. Among 8 Machilus species in Taiwan, there are 9 mophospecies galls being found on M. thunbergii; 2 mophospecies galls on M. konishii; and 6 morphospecies galls on the rest of hosts respectively. In 126 sampling sites of Machilus host in Taiwan, environmental variables were analysized to find correlations to gall species richness and abundance. The result shows only significant correlation in sum of the precipitation from September to November. The result probably because high production of Daphnephila galls are in autumn. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates climate variables are more influencial on hosts than gall communities. For the analysis of microhabitat variables on 10 sampling host Machilus trees at Fushan. The result shows that gall amount is higher at upper canopy stratum. The emergence of univoltine bell-liked Daphnephila galls on M. zuihoenensis was affected by two phenology stages: budburst of host plants in spring and gall development during autumn. Bell-like galls are positively correlated to illumination and spring mean temperature, but negatively correlated to humidity. The larger fluctuation of humidity and higher radiation of upper canopy benefits the development of bell-like galls. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-13T04:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-95-D87632002-1.pdf: 2085925 bytes, checksum: 02dab470afc3848c95d497132569f8c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 次
附表目次…………………………………………………………………………… iii 附圖目次…………………………………………………………………………… iv 附錄目次……………………………………………………………………………vii 中文摘要： ix 英文摘要： xi 緒言： 1 往昔研究： 4 一、造癭昆蟲的輻射適應 4 二、寄主範圍影響蟲癭分布 5 三、氣候對蟲癭分布的影響 7 四、微棲地下的蟲癭分布 8 五、植物生理、天敵與蟲癭分布 10 六、台灣的楨楠屬植物與造癭癭蚋 12 材料與方法： 15 一、台灣蟲癭在寄主植物上的分布 15 (一)產癭寄主植物分布 15 (二)寄主植物、蟲癭多樣性與環境的相關性 16 (三)台灣楨楠屬造癭昆蟲的種專一性 (species specificity) 17 二、楨楠屬蟲癭的生物地理分布 19 三、福山地區楨楠屬植物上Daphnephila屬蟲癭的微棲地調查 22 (一)楨楠屬植物上13形態種蟲癭的樹木高層分布 22 (二)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭生活史 24 (三)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭微棲地分布 25 四、名詞解釋…………………………………………………………………28 結果： 30 一、台灣蟲癭在寄主植物上的分布 30 (一)產癭寄主植物分布 30 (二)寄主植物、蟲癭多樣性與環境之相關性 33 (三)台灣楨楠屬造癭昆蟲的種專一性 34 二、楨楠屬蟲癭的生物地理分布 42 (一)楨楠屬蟲癭的多樣性、豐富度與環境因子之關係 46 (二)封閉式蟲癭與開放式蟲癭分布的比較 47 (三)楨楠屬蟲癭的群聚與氣象因子的關係 47 三、福山地區楨楠屬植物上Daphnephila屬蟲癭的微棲地調查 48 (一)楨楠屬植物上13形態種蟲癭的樹木高層分布 49 (二)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭生活史 50 (三)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭的微棲地分布 52 討論： 55 一、台灣蟲癭在寄主植物上的分布 55 (一)產癭寄主植物分布 55 (二)寄主植物、蟲癭多樣性與環境之相關性 59 (三)台灣楨楠屬造癭昆蟲的種專一性 61 二、楨楠屬蟲癭的生物地理分布 65 (一)楨楠屬蟲癭的多樣性、豐富度與環境因子之關係 66 (二)封閉式蟲癭與開放式蟲癭分布的比較 67 (三)楨楠屬蟲癭的群聚與氣象因子的關係 68 三、福山地區楨楠屬植物上Daphnephila屬蟲癭的微棲地調查 69 (一)楨楠屬植物上13形態種蟲癭的樹木高層分布 69 (二)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭生活史 71 (三)香楠Daphnephila屬鐘型蟲癭微棲地分布 72 引用文獻： 78 附 表 目 次 Table 1. 台灣楨楠屬癭蚋蟲癭調查所採用的重要環境因子。 100 Table 2. 造癭昆蟲在台灣寄主植物類群上的分布。 102 Table 3. 特有種與外來種寄主植物上的蟲癭種類。 102 Table 4. 台灣優勢產癭寄主植物名錄。 103 Table 5. 樟科寄主植物及造癭節肢動物種類表。 104 Table 6. 樟科12屬寄主植物上癭型態種數。 105 Table 7. 楨楠屬植物上的蟲癭型態與造癭類群。 106 Table 8. 樟科楨楠屬植物上寄生之癭蚋科蟲癭形態種分類表。………………147 Table 9. 四種主要形態的楨楠屬癭蚋末齡幼蟲。 107 Table 10. 不同形態蟲癭的末齡幼蟲形態特徵比較表。 108 Table 11. 楨楠屬不同癭蚋蟲癭形態的生活史紀錄。 109 Table 12. 典型對應分析解釋台灣126個樣區楨楠屬蟲癭群聚的相關係數。 111 Table 13. 單片葉上蟲癭數量的比較表。 112 Table 14. 福山地區7株樣木的基本資料。 113 Table 15. 香楠高度分層的葉綠素螢光測定暗反應與光反應。…………………114 附 圖 目 次 Fig. 1. 蟲癭群聚調查示意圖。 115 Fig. 2. 樣區位置圖。 115 Fig. 3. 香楠鐘型蟲癭外型的測量位置標示圖。 116 Fig. 4. 福山地區地形與樣木位置圖。 116 Fig. 5. 芽的物候期定義。 117 Fig. 6. 維管束植物與寄主植物比對圖。 117 Fig. 7. 植物科數量與蟲癭型態種數的迴歸分析圖。 118 Fig. 8. 植物來源與產癭植物迴歸關係圖。 118 Fig. 9. 樣點海拔和蟲癭種多樣性迴歸圖。 119 Fig. 10. 紅楠地理分布圖。 119 Fig. 11. 日本楨楠和大葉楠的地理分布圖。 120 Fig. 12. 香楠和霧社楨楠的地理分布圖。 120 Fig. 13. 菲律賓楠、小西氏楠與恆春楨楠的地理分布圖。 121 Fig. 14. 尖卵型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 121 Fig. 15. 鐘型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 122 Fig. 16. 鳥型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 122 Fig. 17. 長棒型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 123 Fig. 18. 燈泡型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 123 Fig. 19. 水泡型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 124 Fig. 20. 長芽型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 124 Fig. 21. 圓芽型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 125 Fig. 22. 紡錘型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 125 Fig. 23. 子彈型癭蚋蟲癭末齡幼蟲。 126 Fig. 24. 楨楠屬寄主植物種數與蟲癭形態種多樣性間的直線迴歸關係圖。 126 Fig. 25. 尖卵型蟲癭地理分布圖。 127 Fig. 26. 鐘型蟲癭地理分布圖。 127 Fig. 27. 鳥型蟲癭地理分布圖。 129 Fig. 28. 長棒型蟲癭地理分布圖。 129 Fig. 29. 燈泡型蟲癭地理分布圖。 130 Fig. 30. 水泡型蟲癭地理分布圖。 130 Fig. 31. 芽型蟲癭地理分布圖。 131 Fig. 32. 紡錘型蟲癭地理分布圖。 131 Fig. 33. 子彈型蟲癭地理分布圖。 132 Fig. 34. 凹穴狀蟲癭地理分布圖。 132 Fig. 35. 圓球型蟲癭地理分布圖。 133 Fig. 36. 楨楠屬蟲癭採集的126個樣區之MDS散佈圖。 134 Fig. 37. 楨楠屬蟲癭採集的126個樣區之MDS散佈圖。 134 Fig. 38. 典型對應分析上的楨楠屬蟲癭群聚與環境因子關係。 135 Fig. 39. 典型對應分析上的樣點分布與環境因子的關係。 135 Fig. 40. 不同高度分層的蟲癭豐度。 136 Fig. 41. 香楠、霧社楨楠、大葉楠、日本楨楠和紅楠上三高層蟲癭數量。 137 Fig. 42. 香楠鐘型Daphnephila屬癭蚋一年一世代的生活史。 138 Fig. 43. 香楠鐘型蟲癭的外型發育。 139 Fig. 44. 香楠鐘型蟲癭Daphnephila屬瘿蚋一年一世代的的生活史。 140 Fig. 45. 福山地區香楠寄主植物上癭蚋科鐘型蟲癭的癭成長折線圖。 141 Fig. 46. 造癭相關組織之水份含量比較圖。 142 Fig. 47. 香楠抽芽物候期記錄。 143 Fig. 48. 香楠7株樣樹的分層魚眼照片。 145 Fig. 49. 香楠的GLA光度值與各樣點蟲癭密度的直線迴歸圖。 146 Fig. 50. 福山地區7株香楠樹冠與樹蔭層連年月平均溫溼度變化圖。 147 Fig. 51. 樹冠上層與下層之溫度、溼度日變化量。 148 附 錄 目 次 附錄I 台灣楨楠屬蟲癭分布調查蟲癭紀錄表……………………………………149 附錄II. 台灣楨楠屬蟲癭分布調查環境因子紀錄表……………………………157 附錄III. 24個普查點蟲癭資料……………………………………………………160 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 楨楠屬 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 分布 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 蟲癭 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 癭蚋科 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Gall | en |
| dc.subject | distribution | en |
| dc.subject | Cecidomyiidae | en |
| dc.subject | Machilus | en |
| dc.subject | Daphnephila | en |
| dc.title | 由寄主植物、氣候與微環境探討癭蚋科Daphnephila屬昆蟲在台灣樟科楨楠屬植物之分布 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The distribution of insect galls and its relationship with host plants, microhabitat in Taiwan, with special emphasis on Daphnephila (Cecidomyiidae) galls in host plant Machilus | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 94-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳文哲,陳明義,趙榮台,楊曼妙 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 蟲癭,楨楠屬,癭蚋科,分布, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Gall,Daphnephila,Machilus,Cecidomyiidae,distribution, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 161 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2006-07-17 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 昆蟲學研究所 | zh_TW |
| Appears in Collections: | 昆蟲學系 | |
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