企業導入知識管理的考量因素與成功因素

Abstract

管理學大師Peter Drucker在1965年便曾經預測，「知識」將會取代土地、勞動、資本、設備等的地位成為最重要的生產要素，而在這數十年之間，隨著資訊科技的快速發展，資訊處理、儲存、傳遞的成本比起以往已經下降許多，使得知識不論是在現在或是在未來企業的發展營運過程中，都會是決定成敗的關鍵所在。近年來不斷有許多企業投入這個領域，期望能夠藉由知識管理一途能夠更具效率的管理組織當中地位日趨重要的智慧資產，來幫助企業適應不斷變化的經營環境，甚至進一步達成改善組織經營績效的目標。 本研究期望透過因素分析來瞭解：1.瞭解企業導入知識管理的因素有哪些。2.哪些因素能夠使得知識管理導入成功。以問卷形式分成導入知識管理的因素以及影響知識管理成功的因素兩部分，每部分共20題問項，並以SPSS軟體進行因素分析。 經由因素分析結果顯示，在企業導入知識管理方面，萃取出六個因素：1.實質生產力的提升。2.知識儲存、創新及整合能力。3.持續性知識移轉及更新能力。4.互信共事的組織文化與員工能力的培養。5.知識的蒐集與取得。6.知識的分享與應用。在企業導入知識管理後，能否成功的因素方面萃取出六個因素：1.知識管理的整體功能表現。2.知識管理基礎建設。3.知識移轉與運用。4.明確的管理目標與專職人員。5.知識來源與篩選。6.高階經營者的支持。 關鍵字：知識管理、因素分析

As early as 1965, Peter Drucker already pointed out that knowledge would replace land, labor, capital, machines, etc. to become the chief source of production. Until now, with the rapid development of information technology, the operations costs of information processing, storage and delivery has been reducing significantly. This trend furthermore makes knowledge become the key factor determining success or failure of an organization. Recently, many companies have devoted themselves into knowledge management, and expect for a more efficient approach to administer the knowledge capital which plays an important role in the organization. Knowledge management is to assist companies in adapting to the constantly changes of operational environment and even advance to an objective of improving operational performance. By using factor analysis, this study tries to explore (1) the elements of knowledge management that a company adopts; and (2) the elements contributive to the success of knowledge management of a company. The questionnaire contains two sections. One section concerns the factors that urging for knowledge management,and the other , the factors effective in bringing success for knowledge management. Each section is composed of 20 questions. The results of factor analysis indicate that factors urging a company on adopting knowledge management include (1) increase of production; (2) ability of knowledge storage, innovation, and integration; (3) sustained knowledge transfer and renovation; (4) developing organizational culture of mutual dependence among employees and employee skills; (5) searching and obtaining knowledge, and (6) share and application of knowledge. Factors effective in bringing success for knowledge management include (1) overall performance of knowledge management; (2) foundation of knowledge management: (3) transfer and application of knowledge; (4) explicit management objectives and managers with specialties; (5) source and selection of knowledge, and (6) support from top management team.

Keywords: knowledge management, factor analysis