影響兒童對遊戲設施使用行為因素之研究

Abstract

遊戲對兒童身心發展的重要性，自十九世紀開始，因專家所提出之理論逐漸被肯定，兒童遊戲場便肩負著引導兒童遊戲進行的重責大任，而遊戲設施更是遊戲場能否有效發揮其功能的重要關鍵。影響兒童對遊戲設施使用情況的因素相當廣泛，但因受限於兒童的認知及表達能力尚未完全發展，因此難以用訪談或問卷調查方式獲得資料加以探討，有鑑於此，本研究應用新興行為者基礎模擬軟體NetLogo建立兒童遊戲場之模型，目的為藉由兒童在遊戲設施所構成之遊戲空間中的分布情形，探討影響兒童之遊戲設施使用情況的因素。經由文獻回顧及現地觀察歸納整理出影響兒童遊戲設施使用行為之因素包括「設施色彩及造型」、「設施連接及複雜性」、「運動機能類型」以及「遊伴聚集效應」等四大項，其中運動機能類型又可依現今兒童遊戲場中常見之組合式遊具的狀況區分出「攀爬」、「擺盪」、「溜滑」、「鑽潛」以及「懸吊」等五種。研究結果發現，兒童在遊戲場中會往吸引力最大的地方移動，而影響設施吸引力之因素依其影響效果大小依序為：「擺盪機能效應」、「溜滑機能效應」、「攀爬機能效應」、「設施連接及複雜性」、「設施色彩及造型」、「遊伴聚集效應」、「鑽潛機能效應」以及「懸吊機能效應」。

The importance of play for the mind and body of children had been confirmed by theories since the nineteenth century. The playground provides a space for children to play, but it is the facilities within the playground that is most crucial. Many factors could influence children’s using behavior of facilities within the playground. In the past, many studies had tried to figure out such factors in different ways. But it’s difficult to collect data from children by interview or questionnaires because their cognition development and express ability is not fully developed. The study used NetLogo to build a simulation model of playground, and tried to investigate influence factors of children’s using behavior of play facility through their distribution on playground. The results of this study showed that children will move to the facility that is most attractive. The factors affecting the attraction of playground facilities are ranked according to their attractive effect, they are “swinging” function, “sliding” function, “climbing” function, “complexity”, “color and shape”, “crowdedness”, “tunneling” function, and “hanging” function.