乙烯、溫度及光度對秋石斛蘭盆花產後品質之影響

Abstract

本研究目的係為調查秋石斛蘭 (Dendrobium, phalaenopsis type 與 antelope type) 盆花對乙烯的敏感度，並研究溫度和光度對其產後品質之影響。分別以2、6及10 μL•L-1乙烯處理Den. Sonia，6 μL•L-1乙烯處理Den. Burana White 12小時，皆造成最大及次大花苞黃化萎凋且數日後掉落。Den. Sonia之其他花苞幾乎可正常開放，已開花朵不受影響，而Den. Burana White花朵成熟度低者易造成萎凋。若前處理800 nL•L-1 1-methylcyclopropene 8小時，可有效抑制乙烯對Den. Sonia及Burana White花朵或花苞的不利影響。以2及6 μL•L-1 乙烯處理Den. Ria 12小時，造成小花梗上偏性生長 (epinasty) ，但花朵與花苞並未萎凋。相較於其他蘭科植物，石斛蘭對乙烯似有較佳的耐受性。將Den. Burana Sunshine ‘Shiau La Jiau’ 置於不同日夜溫 (35/30, 30/25, 25/20, 20/15及15/12 ℃) 下，高溫 (35/30 ℃) 促進花朵萎凋，花朵顏色也因高溫而有所消褪，日夜溫20/15與15/12 ℃下花朵壽命較長，但葉片黃化情形嚴重。日夜溫30/25及25/20 ℃較適Den. Burana Sunshine ‘Shiau La Jiau’生長且產後品質佳。利用50、100、200及400 mg•L-1 Promalin未能降低Den. Sonia因低溫 (15/12 ℃) 所造成的葉片黃化。Den. Sonia在不同光度 (0、3-6及6-16及94-171 μmol•m-2•s-1) 下，低光 (0及3 μmol•m-2•s-1) 造成花苞與花朵快速萎凋。於16及94-171 μmol•m-2•s-1光度下，花朵萎凋情形差不多，葉片亦是，由此可知Den. Sonia在明亮的室內，有良好的觀賞品質，其壽命與栽種於溫室環境下者相去不大，非常適宜室內擺飾。

The object of this study was to determine the tolerance to ethylene and the effect of temperature and light level on the postharvest quality of potted Dendrobium, phalaenopsis type and antelope type. Treating with 2、6 and 10 μL•L-1 ethylene respectively, Den. Burana White treated with 6 μL•L-1 ethylene for 12 hours caused the large and second flower bud wilting and fading after few days, while flower buds of Den. Sonia were almost flowering normal and opened flowers were growing well. However, younger flower of Den. Burana White was more sensitive to ethylene and also easy to wilting. Pretreating with 800 nL•L-1 1-methylcyclopropene in Den. Sonia and Burana White for 8 hours prevented flower and bud from the effect by ethylene. Treating with 2 and 6 μL•L-1 ethylene in Den. Ria for 12 hours seems to cause the pinasty of peduncle, but flower and bud did not wilt immediately. Comparing with other orchids, Dendrobium seems to have better tolerance to ethylene. Den. Burana Sunshine ‘Shiau La Jiau’ was cultured at day/nigh temperature of 35/30, 30/25, 25/20, 20/15, and 15/12 ℃ respectively, high temperature (35/30 ℃) accelerated flower wilting and discoloration. Although flower longevity of Den. Burana Sunshine ‘Shiau La Jiau’ was longer at low temperature (20/15 ℃ and 15/12 ℃) , but it caused more severe leaf chlorosis. Den. Burana Sunshine ‘Shiau La Jiau’ growing iner at 30/25 and 25/20 ℃ had well growth and good postharvest quality. Pretreating with 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg•L-1 Promalin, Den. Sonia was not decreasing the leaf chlorosis caused by low temperature (15/12 ℃). Under difference light levels (0-1, 3-6, 6-16 and 94-171 μmol•m-2•s-1), low light (0 and 3 μmol•m-2•s-1) resulted in early flower wilting in Den. Sonia. Flower wilting status of Den. Sonia under the light intensity of 16 and 94-171 μmol•m-2•s-1 respectively were similar and leaf chlosis were the same. It indicated that Den. Sonia under indoor light intensity had good postharvest quality and postharvest longevity which were similar to grown in the greenhouse, thus, it was befittingly adornment of the house.